mh_parser/scraps/Matt_27_33-Matt_27_49.html

<p>We have here the crucifixion of our Lord Jesus.</p>
<p class="tab-1">I. The place where our Lord Jesus was put to death.</p>
<p class="tab-1">1. They came to a place called <i>Golgotha,</i> near adjoining to Jerusalem, probably the common place of execution. If he had had a house of his own in Jerusalem, probably, for his greater disgrace, they would have crucified him before his own door. But now in the same place where criminals were sacrificed to the justice of the government, was our Lord Jesus sacrificed to the justice of God. Some think that it was called <i>the place of a skull,</i> because it was the common charnel–house, where the bones and skulls of dead men were laid together out of the way, lest people should touch them, and be defiled thereby. Here lay the trophies of death’s victory over multitudes of the children of men; and when by dying Christ would destroy death, he added this circumstance of honour to his victory, that he triumphed over death upon his own dunghill.</p>
<p class="tab-1">2. There they <i>crucified</i> him (<a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.35" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.35">Matt. 27:35</a>), nailed his hands and feet to the cross, and then reared it up, and him hanging on it; for so the manner of the Romans was to crucify. Let our hearts be touched with the feeling of that exquisite pain which our blessed Saviour now endured, and let us look upon him who was thus pierced, and mourn. Was ever sorrow like unto his sorrow? And when we behold what manner of death he died, let us in that behold with <i>what manner of love</i> he <i>loved us.</i></p>
<p class="tab-1">II. The barbarous and abusive treatment they gave him, in which their wit and malice vied which should excel. As if death, so great a death, were not bad enough, they contrived to add to the bitterness and terror of it.</p>
<p class="tab-1">1. By the drink they provided for him before he was nailed to the cross, <a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.34" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.34">Matt. 27:34</a>. It was usual to have a cup of spiced wine for those to drink of, that were to be put to death, according to Solomon’s direction (<a class="bibleref" title="Prov.31.6,Prov.31.7" href="/passage/?search=Prov.31.6,Prov.31.7"><span class="bibleref" title="Prov.31.6">Prov. 31:6</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Prov.31.7">7</span></a>), <i>Give strong drink to him that is ready to perish;</i> but with that cup which Christ was to drink of, they mingled <i>vinegar and gall,</i> to make it sour and bitter. This signified, (1.) The <i>sin of man,</i> which is a <i>root of bitterness, bearing gall and wormwood,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Deut.29.18" href="/passage/?search=Deut.29.18">Deut. 29:18</a>. The sinner perhaps rolls it under his tongue as a sweet morsel, but to God it is <i>grapes of gall,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Deut.32.32" href="/passage/?search=Deut.32.32">Deut. 32:32</a>. It was so to the Lord Jesus, when he bare our sins, and sooner or later it will be so to the sinner himself, <i>bitterness at the latter end, more bitter than death,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Eccl.7.26" href="/passage/?search=Eccl.7.26">Eccl. 7:26</a>. (2.) It signified the <i>wrath of God,</i> that cup which is Father <i>put into his hand,</i> a bitter cup indeed, like the <i>bitter water which caused the curse,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Num.5.18" href="/passage/?search=Num.5.18">Num. 5:18</a>. This drink they offered him, as was literally foretold, <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.69.21" href="/passage/?search=Ps.69.21">Ps. 69:21</a>. And, [1.] He <i>tasted thereof,</i> and so had the <i>worst</i> of it, took the bitter taste into his mouth; he let no bitter cup go by him untasted, when he was making atonement for all our sinful <i>tasting</i> of forbidden fruit; now he was tasting death in its full bitterness. [2.] He <i>would not drink it,</i> because he would not have the <i>best of it;</i> would have nothing like an opiate to lessen his sense of pain, for he would die so as to <i>feel himself die,</i> because he had so much <i>work</i> to <i>do,</i> as our High Priest, in his suffering work.</p>
<p class="tab-1">2. By the dividing of his garments, <a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.35" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.35">Matt. 27:35</a>. When they nailed him to the cross, they <i>stripped</i> him of his garments, at least his <i>upper garments;</i> for by sin we were made naked, to our shame, and thus he purchased for us white raiment to cover us. If we be at any time stripped of our comforts for Christ, let us bear it patiently; he was stripped for us. Enemies may strip us of our <i>clothes,</i> but cannot strip us of our <i>best comforts;</i> cannot take from us the <i>garments of praise.</i> The clothes of those that are executed are the executioner’s fee: four soldiers were employed in crucifying Christ, and they must each of them have a share: his upper garment, if it were divided, would be of no use to any of them, and therefore they agreed to <i>cast lots</i> for it. (1.) Some think that the garment was so fine and rich, that it was worth contending for; but that agreed not with the poverty Christ appeared in. (2.) Perhaps they had heard of those that had been cured by touching the hem of his garment, and they thought it valuable for some magic virtue in it. Or, (3.) They hoped to get money of his friends for such a sacred relic. Or, (4.) Because, in derision, they would seem to put a value upon it, as royal clothing. Or, (5.) It was for diversion; to pass away the time while they waited for his death, they would play a game at dice for the clothes; but, whatever they designed, the word of God is herein accomplished. In that famous <i>psalm,</i> the first words of which Christ made use of upon the cross, it was said, <i>They parted my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.22.18" href="/passage/?search=Ps.22.18">Ps. 22:18</a>. This was never true of David, but looks <i>primarily</i> at Christ, of whom David, in spirit, spoke. Then is the offence of this part of the cross ceased; for it appears to have been by the <i>determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God.</i> Christ stripped himself of his glories, to divide them among us.</p>
<p class="tab-1">They now <i>sat down, and watched him,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.36" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.36">Matt. 27:36</a>. The chief priests were careful, no doubt, in setting this guard, lest the people, whom they still stood in awe of, should rise, and rescue him. But Providence so ordered it, that those who were appointed to <i>watch</i> him, thereby became unexceptionable witnesses for him; having the opportunity to see and hear that which extorted from them that noble confession (<a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.54" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.54">Matt. 27:54</a>), <i>Truly this was the Son of God.</i></p>
<p class="tab-1">3. By the <i>title</i> set up over his head, <a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.37" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.37">Matt. 27:37</a>. It was usual for the vindicating of public justice, and putting the greater shame upon malefactors that were executed, not only by a crier to proclaim before them, but by a writing also over their heads to notify what was the crime for which they suffered; so they set up over Christ’s head his accusation written, to give public notice of the charge against him; <i>This is Jesus the King of the Jews.</i> This they designed for his reproach, but God so overruled it, that even his accusation redounded to his honour. For, (1.) Here was no crime alleged against him. It is not said that he was a pretended Saviour, or a usurping King, though they would have it thought so (<a class="bibleref" title="John.19.21" href="/passage/?search=John.19.21">John 19:21</a>); but, <i>This is Jesus, a Saviour;</i> surely that was no crime; and, <i>This is the King of the Jews;</i> nor was that a crime; for they expected that the Messiah should be so: so that, his enemies themselves being judges, he <i>did no evil.</i> Nay, (2.) Here was a very glorious truth asserted concerning him—that he is <i>Jesus the King of the Jews,</i> that King whom the Jews expected and ought to have submitted to; so that his accusation amounts to this, That he was the true Messiah and Saviour of the world; as Balaam, when he was sent for to curse Israel, blessed them all together, and that three times (<a class="bibleref" title="Num.24.10" href="/passage/?search=Num.24.10">Num. 24:10</a>), so Pilate, instead of accusing Christ as a Criminal, proclaimed him a <i>King,</i> and that <i>three times,</i> in three inscriptions. Thus God makes men to serve <i>his</i> purposes, quite beyond <i>their own.</i></p>
<p class="tab-1">4. By his companions with him in suffering, <a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.38" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.38">Matt. 27:38</a>. There were <i>two thieves crucified with him</i> at the same time, in the same place, under the same guard; two highway–men, or robbers upon the road, as the word properly signifies. It is probable that this was appointed to be <i>execution–day;</i> and therefore they hurried the prosecution of Christ in the morning, that they might have him ready to be executed with the other criminals. Some think that Pilate ordered it thus, that this piece of necessary justice, in executing these thieves, might atone for his injustice in condemning Christ; others, that the Jews contrived it, to add to the ignominy of the sufferings of our Lord Jesus; however it was, the scripture was fulfilled in it (<a class="bibleref" title="Isa.53.12" href="/passage/?search=Isa.53.12">Isa. 53:12</a>), <i>He was numbered with the transgressors.</i></p>
<p class="tab-1">(1.) It was a reproach to him, that he was <i>crucified with them.</i> Though, while he lived, he was <i>separate from sinners,</i> yet <i>in their deaths they were not divided,</i> but he was made to partake with the vilest malefactors in their plagues, as if he had been a partaker with them in their sins; for he was made sin for us, and took upon him the <i>likeness of sinful flesh.</i> He was, at his death, numbered among the transgressors, and had his lot with the wicked, that we, at our death, might be <i>numbered among the saints,</i> and have our <i>lot among the chosen.</i></p>
<p class="tab-1">(2.) It was an additional reproach, that he was crucified <i>in the midst, between them,</i> as if he had been the worst of the three, the principal malefactor; for among <i>three</i> the <i>middle</i> is the place for the chief. Every circumstance was contrived to his dishonour, as if the great Saviour were of all others the <i>greatest sinner.</i> It was also intended to ruffle and discompose him, in his last moments, with the shrieks, and groans, and blasphemies, of these malefactors, who, it is likely, made a hideous outcry when they were nailed to the cross; but thus would Christ affect himself with the miseries of sinners, when he was suffering for their salvation. Some of Christ’s apostles were afterwards crucified, as Peter, and Andrew, but none of them were crucified <i>with him,</i> lest it should have looked as if they had been joint undertakers with him, in satisfying for man’s sin, and joint purchasers of life and glory; therefore he was crucified between two malefactors, who could not be supposed to contribute any thing to the merit of his death; for he himself bare our sins <i>in his own body.</i></p>
<p class="tab-1">5. By the blasphemies and revilings with which they loaded him when he was hanging upon the cross; though we read not that they cast any reflections on the thieves that were crucified with him. One would have thought that, when they had nailed him to the cross, they had done their worst, and malice itself had been exhausted: indeed if a criminal be put into the pillory, or carted, because it is a punishment less than death, it is usually attended with such expressions of abuse; but a dying man, though an infamous man, should be treated with compassion. It is an insatiable revenge indeed which will not be satisfied with death, <i>so great a death.</i> But, to complete the humiliation of the Lord Jesus, and to show that, when he was dying, he was <i>bearing iniquity,</i> he was then <i>loaded with reproach,</i> and, for aught that appears, not one of his friends, who the other day cried <i>Hosanna</i> to him, durst be seen to show him any respect.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(1.) The common <i>people, that passed by, reviled him.</i> His extreme misery and exemplary patience under it, did not mollify them, or make them to relent; but they who by their outcries brought him to this, now think to justify themselves in it by their reproaches, as if they <i>did well to condemn</i> him. They <i>reviled</i> him: <i><b>eblasphemoun</b>—they blasphemed</i> him; and <i>blasphemy</i> it was, in the strictest sense, speaking evil of him who <i>thought it not robbery to be equal with God.</i> Observe here,</p>
<p class="tab-1">[1.] The persons that reviled him; <i>they that passed by,</i> the travellers that went along the <i>road,</i> and it was a great road, leading from Jerusalem to Gibeon; they were possessed with prejudices against him by the reports and clamours of the High Priest’s creatures. It is a hard thing, and requires more application and resolution than is ordinarily met with, to keep up a good opinion of persons and things that are <i>every where</i> run down, and spoken against. Every one is apt to say as the most say, and to throw a stone at that which is put into an ill name. <i>Turba Remi sequitur fortunam semper et odit damnatos—The Roman rabble fluctuate with a man’s fluctuating fortunes, and fail not to depress those that are sinking.</i> Juvenal.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[2.] The gesture they used, in contempt of him—<i>wagging their heads;</i> which signifies their triumph in his fall, and their insulting over him, <a class="bibleref" title="Isa.37.22,Jer.18.16,Lam.2.15" href="/passage/?search=Isa.37.22,Jer.18.16,Lam.2.15"><span class="bibleref" title="Isa.37.22">Isa. 37:22</span>; <span class="bibleref" title="Jer.18.16">Jer. 18:16</span>; <span class="bibleref" title="Lam.2.15">Lam. 2:15</span></a>. The language of it was, <i>Aha, so would we have it,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.35.25" href="/passage/?search=Ps.35.25">Ps. 35:25</a>. Thus they insulted over him that was the Saviour of their country, as the Philistines did over Samson the destroyer of their country. This very gesture was prophesied of (<a class="bibleref" title="Ps.22.7" href="/passage/?search=Ps.22.7">Ps. 22:7</a>); <i>They shake the head at me.</i> And <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.109.25" href="/passage/?search=Ps.109.25">Ps. 109:25</a>.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[3.] The taunts and jeers they uttered. These are here recorded.</p>
<p class="tab-1"><i>First,</i> They upbraided him with his <i>destroying of the temple.</i> Though the judges themselves were sensible that what he had said of that was misrepresented (as appears <a class="bibleref" title="Mark.14.59" href="/passage/?search=Mark.14.59">Mark 14:59</a>), yet they industriously spread it among the people, to bring an <i>odium</i> upon him, that he had a design to destroy the temple; than which nothing would more <i>incense</i> the people against him. And this was not the only time that the enemies of Christ had laboured to <i>make others believe</i> that of religion and the people of God, which they themselves have known to be <i>false,</i> and the charge <i>unjust “Thou that destroyest the temple,</i> that vast and strong fabric, try thy strength now in plucking up that <i>cross,</i> and drawing those <i>nails,</i> and so <i>save thyself;</i> if thou hast the power thou hast boasted of, this is a proper time to exert it, and give proof of it; for it is supposed that every man will do his utmost to <i>save himself.</i>” This made the cross of Christ such a <i>stumbling–block</i> to the Jews, that they looked upon it to be inconsistent with the <i>power</i> of the Messiah; he was <i>crucified in weakness</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="2Cor.13.4" href="/passage/?search=2Cor.13.4">2Cor. 13:4</a>), so it seemed to them; but indeed Christ crucified is the <i>Power of God.</i></p>
<p class="tab-1"><i>Secondly,</i> They upbraided him with his saying that he was the <i>Son of God;</i> If thou be so, say they, <i>come down from the cross.</i> Now they take the devil’s words out of his mouth, with which he tempted him in the wilderness (<a class="bibleref" title="Matt.4.3,Matt.4.6" href="/passage/?search=Matt.4.3,Matt.4.6"><span class="bibleref" title="Matt.4.3">Matt. 4:3</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Matt.4.6">6</span></a>), and renew the same assault; <i>If thou be the Son of God.</i> They think that now, or never, he must prove himself to be the <i>Son of God;</i> forgetting that he had proved it by the miracles he wrought, particularly his raising of the dead; and unwilling to wait for the complete proof of it by his own resurrection, to which he had so often referred himself and them; which, if they had observed it, would have anticipated the offence of the cross. This comes of judging things by the present aspect of them, without a due remembrance of what is <i>past,</i> and a patient expectation of <i>what may further be produced.</i></p>
<p class="tab-1">(2.) The <i>chief priests and scribes,</i> the church rulers, and the <i>elders,</i> the state rulers, they mocked him, <a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.41" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.41">Matt. 27:41</a>. They did not think it enough to invite the rabble to do it, but gave Christ the dishonour, and themselves the diversion, or reproaching him in their own proper persons. They should have been in the temple at their devotion, for it was the first day of the feast of unleavened bread, when there was to be a <i>holy convocation</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Lev.23.7" href="/passage/?search=Lev.23.7">Lev. 23:7</a>); but they were here at the place of execution, spitting their venom at the Lord Jesus. How much below the grandeur and gravity of their character was this! Could any thing tend more to make them <i>contemptible and base before the people?</i> One would have thought, that, though they neither feared God nor regarded man, yet common prudence should have taught them who had so great a hand in Christ’s death, to keep as much as might be behind the curtain, and to play least in sight; but nothing is so mean as that malice may stick at it. Did they disparage themselves thus, to do despite to Christ, and shall we be afraid of disparaging ourselves, by joining with the multitude to <i>do him honour,</i> and not rather say, <i>If this be to be vile, I will be yet more vile?</i></p>
<p class="tab-1">Two things the priests and elders upbraided him with.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[1.] That he could not <i>save himself,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.42" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.42">Matt. 27:42</a>. He had been before abused in his prophetical and kingly office, and now in his priestly office as a Saviour. <i>First,</i> They take it for granted that he <i>could not</i> save himself, and therefore had not the power he pretended to, when really he <i>would not</i> save himself, because he would die to <i>save us.</i> They should have argued, “He <i>saved others,</i> therefore he <i>could</i> save himself, and if he do not, it is for some good reason.” But, <i>Secondly,</i> They would insinuate, that, because he did not now save himself, therefore all his pretence to save others was but sham and delusion, and was never really done; though the truth of his miracles was demonstrated beyond contradiction. <i>Thirdly,</i> They upbraid him with being <i>the King of Israel.</i> They dreamed of the external pomp and power of the Messiah, and therefore thought <i>the cross</i> altogether disagreeable to the King of Israel, and inconsistent with that character. Many people would like the <i>King of Israel</i> well enough, if he would but <i>come down from the cross,</i> if they could have his kingdom without the tribulation through which they must <i>enter into</i> it. But the matter is settled; if no cross, then no Christ, no crown. Those that would reign with him, must be willing to suffer with him, for Christ and his cross are <i>nailed together</i> in this world. <i>Fourthly,</i> They challenged him to <i>come down from the cross.</i> And what had become of us then, and the work of our redemption and salvation? If he had been provoked by these scoffs to <i>come down from the cross,</i> and so to have left his undertaking <i>unfinished,</i> we had been for ever <i>undone.</i> But his unchangeable love and resolution set him above, and fortified him against, this temptation, so that he did not <i>fail,</i> nor was <i>discouraged. Fifthly,</i> They promised that, if he would <i>come down from the cross, they would believe him.</i> Let him give them that proof of his being the Messiah, and they will own him to be so. When they had formerly demanded a sign, he told them that the sign he would give them, should be not his <i>coming down from the cross,</i> but, which was a greater instance of his power, his <i>coming up from the grave,</i> which they had not patience to wait two or three days for. If he had <i>come down from the cross,</i> they might with as much reason have said that the soldiers had juggled in nailing him to it, as they said, when he was raised from the dead, that the <i>disciples came by night, and stole him away.</i> But to promise ourselves that we would believe, if we had such and such means and motives of faith as we ourselves would prescribe, when we do not improve what God has appointed, is not only a gross instance of the deceitfulness of our hearts, but the sorry <i>refuge,</i> or <i>subterfuge</i> rather, of an obstinate destroying infidelity.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[2.] That God, <i>his Father,</i> would <i>not save him</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.43" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.43">Matt. 27:43</a>); <i>He trusted in God,</i> that is, he pretended to do so; for he said, <i>I am the Son of God.</i> Those who call God <i>Father,</i> and themselves <i>his children,</i> thereby profess to put a confidence in him, <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.9.10" href="/passage/?search=Ps.9.10">Ps. 9:10</a>. Now they suggest, that he did but deceive himself and others, when he made himself so much the <i>darling of heaven;</i> for, if he had been the Son of God (as <i>Job’s</i> friends argued concerning him), he would not have been <i>abandoned</i> to all this misery, much less <i>abandoned in</i> it. This was a <i>sword in his bones,</i> as David complains of the like (<a class="bibleref" title="Ps.42.10" href="/passage/?search=Ps.42.10">Ps. 42:10</a>); and it was a <i>two–edged</i> sword, for it was intended, <i>First,</i> To <i>vilify</i> him, and to make the standers–by think him a deceiver and an impostor; as if his saying, that he was the Son of God, were now effectually disproved. Secondly, To terrify him, and drive him to distrust and despair of his Father’s power and love; which some think, was the thing <i>he feared, religiously feared,</i> prayed against, and was <i>delivered from,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Heb.5.7" href="/passage/?search=Heb.5.7">Heb. 5:7</a>. David complained more of the endeavours of his persecutors to <i>shake his faith,</i> and drive him from his hope in God, than of their attempts to <i>shake his throne,</i> and drive him from his kingdom; their saying, There is <i>no help for him in God</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Ps.3.2" href="/passage/?search=Ps.3.2">Ps. 3:2</a>), and, <i>God has forsaken him,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.71.11" href="/passage/?search=Ps.71.11">Ps. 71:11</a>. In this, as in other things, he was a type of Christ. Nay, these very words David, in that famous prophecy of Christ, mentions, as spoken by <i>his enemies</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Ps.22.8" href="/passage/?search=Ps.22.8">Ps. 22:8</a>); He <i>trusted on the Lord that he would deliver him.</i> Surely these priests and scribes had forgotten their psalter, or they would not have used the same words, so exactly to answer the type and prophecy: but the <i>scriptures must be fulfilled.</i></p>
<p class="tab-1">(3.) To complete the reproach, the <i>thieves also that were crucified with him</i> were not only not reviled as he was, as if they had been saints compared with him, but, though fellow–sufferers with him, joined in with his prosecutors, and <i>cast the same in his teeth;</i> that is, one of them did, who said, <i>If thou be the Christ, save thyself and us,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Luke.23.39" href="/passage/?search=Luke.23.39">Luke 23:39</a>. One would think that of all people this thief had <i>least cause,</i> and should have had <i>least mind,</i> to banter Christ. Partners in suffering, though for different causes, usually commiserate one another; and few, whatever they have done before, will breathe their last in revilings. But, it seems, the greatest mortifications of the body, and the most humbling rebukes of Providence, will not of themselves mortify the corruptions of the soul, nor suppress the wickedness of the wicked, without the grace of God.</p>
<p class="tab-1">Well, thus our Lord Jesus having undertaken to satisfy the justice of God for the wrong done him in his honour by sin, he did it by suffering <i>in his honour;</i> not only by divesting himself of that which was due to him as the Son of God, but by submitting to the utmost indignity that could be done to the worst of men; because he was made sin for us, he was thus made a curse for us, to make reproach easy to us, if at any time we suffer it, and have all manner of evil said against us falsely, for righteousness’ sake.</p>
<p class="tab-1">III. We have here the frowns of heaven, which our Lord Jesus was under, in the midst of all these injuries and indignities from men. Concerning which, observe,</p>
<p class="tab-1">1. How this was signified—by an extraordinary and miraculous eclipse of the sun, which continued for <i>three hours,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.45" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.45">Matt. 27:45</a>. There was darkness <i><b>epi pasan ten gen</b>—over all the earth;</i> so most interpreters understand it, though our translation confines it to <i>that land.</i> Some of the ancients appealed to the annals of the nation concerning this extraordinary eclipse at the death of Christ, as a thing well known, and which gave notice to those parts of the world of something great then in doing; as the sun’s going back in Hezekiah’s time did. It is reported that Dionysius, at Heliopolis in Egypt, took notice of this darkness, and said, <i>Aut Deus naturae patitur, aut mundi machina dissolvitur—Either the God of nature is suffering, or the machine of the world is tumbling into ruin.</i> An extraordinary light gave intelligence of the birth of Christ (<a class="bibleref" title="Matt.2.2" href="/passage/?search=Matt.2.2">Matt. 2:2</a>), and therefore it was proper that an extraordinary darkness should notify his death, for he is the <i>Light of the world.</i> The indignities done to our Lord Jesus, made the <i>heavens astonished,</i> and <i>horribly afraid,</i> and even put them into disorder and confusion; such wickedness as this the sun never saw before, and therefore withdrew, and would not see this. This surprising, amazing, darkness was designed to stop the mouths of those blasphemers, who were reviling Christ as he hung on the cross; and it should seem that, for the present, it struck such a terror upon them, that though their hearts were not changed, yet they were silent, and stood doubting what this should mean, till after <i>three hours</i> the darkness <i>scattered,</i> and then (as appears by <a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.47" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.47">Matt. 27:47</a>), like Pharaoh when the plague was over, they hardened their hearts. But that which was principally intended in this darkness, was, (1.) Christ’s present <i>conflict</i> with the <i>powers of darkness.</i> Now the prince of this world, and his forces, the <i>rulers of the darkness of this world,</i> were to be cast out, to be spoiled and vanquished; and to make his victory the more illustrious, he fights them on their own ground; gives them all the advantage they could have against him by this darkness, lets them take the <i>wind</i> and <i>sun,</i> and yet baffles them, and so becomes more than a conqueror. (2.) His present want of heavenly comforts. This darkness signified that dark cloud which the human soul of our Lord Jesus was now under. God makes his sun to shine upon the just and upon the unjust; but even the light of the sun was withheld from our Saviour, when he was <i>made sin for us. A pleasant thing it is for the eyes to behold the sun;</i> but because now his soul was exceeding sorrowful, and the cup of divine displeasure was filled to him without mixture, even the light of the sun was suspended. When earth denied him a drop of cold water, heaven denied him a beam of light; having to deliver us from <i>utter darkness,</i> he did himself, in the depth of his sufferings, walk in darkness, and had no light, <a class="bibleref" title="Isa.50.10" href="/passage/?search=Isa.50.10">Isa. 50:10</a>. During the <i>three hours</i> that this darkness continued, we do not find that he said <i>one word,</i> but passed this time in a silent retirement into his own soul, which was now in agony, wrestling with the powers of darkness, and taking in the impressions of his Father’s displeasure, not against himself, but the sin of man, which he was now <i>making his soul an offering for.</i> Never were there three such hours since the day that God created man upon the earth, never such a dark and awful scene; the <i>crisis</i> of that great affair of man’s redemption and salvation.</p>
<p class="tab-1">2. How he complained of it (<a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.46" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.46">Matt. 27:46</a>); <i>About the ninth hour,</i> when it began to clear up, after a long and silent conflict. <i>Jesus cried, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?</i> The words are related in the Syriac tongue, in which they were spoken, because worthy of double remark, and for the sake of the perverse construction which his enemies put upon them, in putting <i>Elias</i> for <i>Eli</i>. Now observe here,</p>
<p class="tab-1">(1.) Whence he borrowed this complaint—from <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.22.1" href="/passage/?search=Ps.22.1">Ps. 22:1</a>. It is not probable (as some have thought) that he repeated the whole psalm; yet hereby he intimated that the whole was to be applied to him, and that David, in spirit, there spoke of his humiliation and exaltation. This, and that other word, <i>Into thy hands I commit my spirit,</i> he fetched from David’s psalms (though he could have expressed himself in his own words), to teach us of what use the word of God is to us, to direct us in prayer, and to recommend to us the use of scripture–expressions in prayer, which will <i>help our infirmities.</i></p>
<p class="tab-1">(2.) How he uttered it—<i>with a loud voice;</i> which bespeaks the extremity of his pain and anguish, the strength of nature remaining in him, and the great earnestness of his spirit in this expostulation. Now the scripture was fulfilled (<a class="bibleref" title="Joel.3.15,Joel.3.16" href="/passage/?search=Joel.3.15,Joel.3.16"><span class="bibleref" title="Joel.3.15">Joel 3:15</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Joel.3.16">16</span></a>); <i>The sun and the moon shall be darkened. The Lord shall also roar out of Zion, and utter his voice form Jerusalem.</i> David often speaks of his <i>crying aloud</i> in prayer, <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.55.17" href="/passage/?search=Ps.55.17">Ps. 55:17</a>.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(3.) What the complaint was—<i>My God, My God, why hast thou forsaken me?</i> A strange complaint to come from the mouth of our Lord Jesus, who, we are sure, was <i>God’s elect, in whom his soul delighted</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Isa.42.1" href="/passage/?search=Isa.42.1">Isa. 42:1</a>), and one in whom he was always <i>well pleased</i>. The Father now loved him, nay, he knew that <i>therefore he loved him, because he laid down his life for the sheep;</i> what, and yet forsaken of him, and in the midst of his sufferings too! Surely never sorrow was like unto that sorrow which extorted such a complaint as this from one who, being perfectly free from sin, could never be a terror to himself; but the heart knows its own bitterness. No wonder that such a complaint as this made the earth to quake, and rent the rocks; for it is enough to make both the <i>ears of every one that hears it to tingle,</i> and ought to be spoken of with great reverence.</p>
<p class="tab-1">Note, [1.] That our Lord Jesus was, in his sufferings, for a time, <i>forsaken by his Father.</i> So he saith himself, who we are sure was under no mistake concerning his own case. Not that the union between the divine and human nature was in the least weakened or shocked; no, he was <i>now by the eternal Spirit offering himself:</i> nor as if there were any abatement of his Father’s love to him, or his to his Father; we are sure that there was upon his mind no horror of God, or despair of his favour, nor any thing of the torments of hell; but his Father forsook him; that is, <i>First,</i> He delivered him up into the hands of his enemies, and did not appear to deliver him out of their hands. He let loose the powers of darkness against him, and suffered them to do their worst, worse than against Job. Now was that scripture fulfilled (<a class="bibleref" title="Job.16.11" href="/passage/?search=Job.16.11">Job 16:11</a>), <i>God hath turned me over into the hands of the wicked;</i> and no angel is sent from heaven to deliver him, no friend on earth raised up to appear for him. <i>Secondly,</i> He withdrew from him the present comfortable sense of his complacency in him. When <i>his soul</i> was first <i>troubled,</i> he had a <i>voice from heaven</i> to comfort him (<a class="bibleref" title="John.12.27,John.12.28" href="/passage/?search=John.12.27,John.12.28"><span class="bibleref" title="John.12.27">John 12:27</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.12.28">28</span></a>); when he was in his agony in the garden, there appeared an angel from heaven strengthening him; but now he had neither the one nor the other. God hid his face from him, and for awhile withdrew his rod and staff in the darksome valley. God <i>forsook</i> him, not as he forsook Saul, leaving him to an endless despair, but as sometimes he forsook David, leaving him to a present despondency. <i>Thirdly,</i> He let out upon his soul an afflicting sense of his wrath against man for sin. Christ was made <i>Sin</i> for us, a <i>Curse</i> for us; and therefore, though God loved him as a Son, he frowned upon him as a Surety. These impressions he was pleased to <i>admit,</i> and to <i>waive</i> that <i>resistance</i> of them which he <i>could have made;</i> because he would accommodate himself to this part of his undertaking, as he had done to all the rest, when it was in his power to have avoided it.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[2.] That Christ’s being <i>forsaken</i> of his Father was the most grievous of his sufferings, and that which he complained most of. Here he laid the most doleful accents; he did not say, “Why am I scourged? And why spit upon? And why nailed to the cross?” Nor did he say to his disciples, when they turned their back upon him, <i>Why have ye forsaken me?</i> But when his Father stood at a distance, he cried out thus; for this as it that <i>put wormwood and gall</i> into the affliction and misery. This brought the <i>waters into the soul,</i> <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.69.1-Ps.69.3" href="/passage/?search=Ps.69.1-Ps.69.3">Ps. 69:1-3</a>.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[3.] That our Lord Jesus, even when he was thus forsaken of his Father, kept hold of him as his God, notwithstanding; <i>My God, my God;</i> though forsaking me, yet <i>mine.</i> Christ was God’s servant in carrying on the work of redemption, to him he was to make satisfaction, and by him to be carried through and crowned, and upon that account he calls him <i>his God;</i> for he was now <i>doing his will.</i> See <a class="bibleref" title="Isa.49.5-Isa.49.9" href="/passage/?search=Isa.49.5-Isa.49.9">Isa. 49:5-9</a>. This supported him, and bore him up, that even in the depth of his sufferings God was his God, and this he resolves to keep fast hold of.</p>
<p class="tab-1">4.) See how his enemies impiously bantered and ridiculed this complaint (<a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.47" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.47">Matt. 27:47</a>); <i>They said, This man calleth for Elias.</i> Some think that this was the ignorant mistake of the Roman soldiers, who had heard talk of Elias, and of the Jews’ expectation of the coming of Elias, but knew not the signification of <i>Eli, Eli,</i> and so made this blundering comment upon these words of Christ, perhaps not hearing the latter part of what he said, for the noise of the people. Note, Many of the reproaches cast upon the word of God and the people of God, take rise from gross mistakes. Divine truths are often corrupted by ignorance of the language and style of the scripture. Those that hear by the halves, pervert what they hear. But others think that it was the wilful mistake of some of the Jews, who knew very well what he said, but were disposed to abuse him, and make themselves and their companions merry, and to misrepresent him as one who, being forsaken of God, was driven to trust in creatures; perhaps hinting also, that he who had pretended to be himself the Messiah, would now be glad to be beholden to Elias, who was expected to be only the harbinger and forerunner of the Messiah. Note, It is no new thing for the most pious devotions of the best men to be ridiculed and abused by profane scoffers; nor are we to think it strange if what is well said in praying and preaching be misconstrued, and turned to our reproach; Christ’s words were so, though he spoke as never man spoke.</p>
<p class="tab-1">IV. The cold comfort which his enemies ministered to him in this agony, which was like all the rest.</p>
<p class="tab-1">1. Some <i>gave him vinegar to drink</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.48" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.48">Matt. 27:48</a>); instead of some cordial–water to revive and refresh him under this heavy burthen, they tantalized him with that which did not only add to the reproach they were loading him with, but did too sensibly represent that cup of trembling which his Father had <i>put into his hand. One of them ran</i> to fetch it, seeming to be officious to him, but really glad of an opportunity to abuse and affront him, and afraid lest any one should take it out of his hands.</p>
<p class="tab-1">2. Others, which the same purpose of disturbing and abusing him, refer him to Elias (<a class="bibleref" title="Matt.27.49" href="/passage/?search=Matt.27.49">Matt. 27:49</a>); “<i>Let be, let us see whether Elias will come to save him.</i> Come, let him alone, his case is desperate, neither heaven nor earth can help him; let us do nothing either to hasten his death, or to retard it; he has appealed to Elias, and <i>to Elias let him go.</i>”</p>