mh_parser/scraps/John_6_28-John_6_59.html

<p>Whether this conference was with the Capernaites, in whose synagogue Christ now was, or with those who came from the other side of the sea, is not certain nor material; however, it is an instance of Christ’s condescension that he gave them leave to ask him questions, and did not resent the interruption as an affront, no, not from his common hearers, though not his immediate followers. Those that would be apt to teach must be swift to hear, and study to answer. It is the wisdom of teachers, when they are asked even impertinent unprofitable questions, thence to take occasion to answer in that which is profitable, that the question may be rejected, but not the request. Now,</p>
<p class="tab-1">I. Christ having told them that <i>they</i> must <i>work for the meat</i> he spoke of, must <i>labour</i> for it, they enquire what work they must do, and he answers them, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.28,John.6.29" href="/passage/?search=John.6.28,John.6.29"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.28">John 6:28</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.29">29</span></a>. 1. Their <i>enquiry</i> was <i>pertinent</i> enough (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.28" href="/passage/?search=John.6.28">John 6:28</a>): <i>What shall we do, that we may work the works of God</i>? Some understand it as a pert question: “What works of God can we do more and better than those we do in obedience to the law of Moses?” But I rather take it as a humble serious question, showing them to be, at least for the present, in a good mind, and willing to know and do their duty; and I imagine that those who asked this question, How and What (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.30" href="/passage/?search=John.6.30">John 6:30</a>), and made the request (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.34" href="/passage/?search=John.6.34">John 6:34</a>), were not the same persons with those that murmured (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.41,John.6.42" href="/passage/?search=John.6.41,John.6.42"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.41">John 6:41</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.42">42</span></a>), and strove (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.52" href="/passage/?search=John.6.52">John 6:52</a>), for those are expressly called <i>the Jews</i>, who came out of Judea (for those were strictly called Jews) to cavil, whereas these were of Galilee, and came to be taught. This question here intimates that they were convinced that those who would obtain this everlasting meat, (1.) Must aim to do something great. Those who <i>look high</i> in their expectations, and hope to enjoy the <i>glory of God</i>, must <i>aim high</i> in those endeavours, and study to <i>do the works of God</i>, works which he requires and will accept, <i>works of God</i>, distinguished from the works of worldly men in their worldly pursuits. It is not enough to speak the words of God, but we must do the works of God. (2.) Must be willing to do any thing: <i>What shall we do</i>? Lord, I am ready to do whatever thou shalt appoint, though ever so displeasing to flesh and blood, <a class="bibleref" title="Acts.9.6" href="/passage/?search=Acts.9.6">Acts 9:6</a>. 2. Christ’s answer was plain enough (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.29" href="/passage/?search=John.6.29">John 6:29</a>): <i>This is the work of God that ye believe</i>. Note, (1.) The work of faith is the work of God. They enquire after the <i>works</i> of God (in the plural number), being careful about <i>many things</i>; but Christ directs them to one work, which includes all, the one thing needful: that <i>you believe</i>, which supersedes all the works of the ceremonial law; the work which is necessary to the acceptance of all the other works, and which produces them, for without faith you cannot please God. It is <i>God’s work</i>, for it is of his <i>working in us</i>, it subjects the soul to his working on us, and quickens the soul in working <i>for him</i>, (2.) That faith is the work of God which closes with Christ, and relies upon him. It is to <i>believe on him</i> as one whom God <i>hath sent</i>, as God’s commissioner in the great affair of peace between God and man, and as such to <i>rest</i> upon him, and <i>resign ourselves</i> to him. See <a class="bibleref" title="John.14.1" href="/passage/?search=John.14.1">John 14:1</a>.</p>
<p class="tab-1">II. Christ having told them that the <i>Son of man</i> would <i>give them this meat</i>, they enquire concerning him, and he answers their enquiry.</p>
<p class="tab-1">1. Their enquiry is after <i>a sign</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.30" href="/passage/?search=John.6.30">John 6:30</a>): <i>What sign showest thou</i>? Thus far they were right, that, since he required them to give him <i>credit</i>, he should produce his <i>credentials</i>, and make it out by miracle that he was <i>sent of God</i>. Moses having confirmed his mission by <i>signs</i>, it was requisite that Christ, who came to set aside the ceremonial law, should in like manner confirm his: “<i>What dost thou work</i>? What doest thou drive at? What lasting characters of a divine power does thou design to leave upon thy doctrine?” But <i>herein</i> they missed it,</p>
<p class="tab-1">(1.) That they overlooked the many miracles which they had seen wrought by him, and which amounted to an abundant proof of his divine mission. Isa. this a time of day to ask, “What sign showest thou?” especially at Capernaum, the <i>staple</i> of miracles, where he had done so <i>many mighty works, signs</i> so significant of his office and undertaking? Were not these very persons but the other day miraculously fed by him? None so blind as they that will not see; for they may be so blind as to question whether it be day or no, when the sun shines in their faces.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(2.) That they preferred the miraculous feeding of Israel in the wilderness before all the miracles Christ wrought (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.31" href="/passage/?search=John.6.31">John 6:31</a>): <i>Our fathers did eat manna in the desert</i>; and, to strengthen the objection, they quote a scripture for it: <i>He gave them bread from heaven</i> (taken from <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.78.24" href="/passage/?search=Ps.78.24">Ps. 78:24</a>), <i>he gave them of the corn of heaven</i>. What a good use might be made of this story to which they here refer! It was a memorable instance of God’s power and goodness, often mentioned to the glory of God (<a class="bibleref" title="Neh.9.20,Neh.9.21" href="/passage/?search=Neh.9.20,Neh.9.21"><span class="bibleref" title="Neh.9.20">Neh. 9:20</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Neh.9.21">21</span></a>), yet see how these people perverted it, and made an ill use of it. [1.] Christ reproved them for their fondness of the miraculous bread, and bade them not set their hearts upon <i>meat which perisheth</i>; “Why,” say they, “<i>meat for the belly</i> was the great good thing that God gave to our fathers in the desert; and why should not we then labour for that meat? If God made much of them, why should not we be for those that will make much of us?” [2.] Christ had fed five thousand men with five loaves, and had given them that as one sign to prove him <i>sent of God</i>; but, under colour of <i>magnifying</i> the miracles of Moses, they tacitly <i>undervalue</i> this miracle of Christ, and <i>evade</i> the evidence of it. “Christ fed his thousands; but Moses his hundreds of thousands; Christ fed them but once, and then reproved those who followed him in hope to be still fed, and put them off with a discourse of spiritual food; but Moses fed his followers forty years, and miracles were not their rarities, but their daily bread: Christ fed them with bread out of <i>the earth</i>, barley-bread, and fishes out of <i>the sea</i>; but Moses fed Israel with bread <i>from heaven</i>, angel’s food.” Thus big did these Jews talk of the <i>manna</i> which <i>their fathers did eat</i>; but their fathers had slighted it as much as they did now the barley-loaves, and called <i>light bread</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Num.21.5" href="/passage/?search=Num.21.5">Num. 21:5</a>. Thus apt are we to slight and overlook the appearances of God’s power and grace in our own times, while we pretend to admire the wonders of which <i>our fathers told us</i>. Suppose <i>this</i> miracle of Christ was outdone by that of Moses, yet there were other instances in which Christ’s miracles outshone his; and, besides, all true miracles prove a divine doctrine, though not equally illustrious in the circumstances, which were ever <i>diversified</i> according as the occasion did require. As much as the manna excelled the barley-loaves, so much, and much more, did the doctrine of Christ excel the law of Moses, and his heavenly institutions the carnal ordinances of that dispensation.</p>
<p class="tab-1">2. Here is Christ’s reply to this enquiry, wherein,</p>
<p class="tab-1">(1.) He <i>rectifies</i> their <i>mistake</i> concerning the <i>typical</i> manna. It was true that their fathers did eat <i>manna</i> in the desert. But, [1.] It was not Moses that gave it to them, nor were they obliged to him for it; he was but the instrument, and therefore they must look beyond him to God. We do not find that Moses did so much as pray to God for the <i>manna</i>; and he spoke unadvisedly when he said, <i>Must we fetch water out of the rock</i>? Moses gave them not either <i>that</i> bread or <i>that water</i>. [2.] It was not given them, as they imagined, <i>from heaven</i>, from the highest heavens, but only from <i>the clouds</i>, and therefore not so much superior to that which had its rise from the earth as they thought. Because the scripture saith, <i>He gave them bread from heaven</i>, it does not follow that it was <i>heavenly bread</i>, or was intended to be the nourishment of souls. Misunderstanding scripture language occasions many mistakes in the things of God.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(2.) He <i>informs</i> them concerning the <i>true</i> manna, of which that was a type: <i>But my Father giveth you the true bread from heaven</i>; that which is truly and properly the <i>bread from heaven</i>, of which the manna was but a shadow and figure, is <i>now given</i>, not to <i>your fathers</i>, who are dead and gone, but <i>to you</i> of this present age, for whom the <i>better things were reserved</i>: he is <i>now giving</i> you that <i>bread from heaven</i>, which is <i>truly</i> so called. As much as the throne of God’s glory is above the clouds of the air, so much does the <i>spiritual bread</i> of the everlasting gospel excel the <i>manna</i>. In calling God <i>his Father</i>, he proclaims himself greater than Moses; for Moses was faithful but as a servant, Christ as a <i>Son</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Heb.3.5,Heb.3.6" href="/passage/?search=Heb.3.5,Heb.3.6"><span class="bibleref" title="Heb.3.5">Heb. 3:5</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Heb.3.6">6</span></a>.</p>
<p class="tab-1">III. Christ, having replied to their enquiries, takes further occasion from their objection concerning the <i>manna</i> to discourse of <i>himself</i> under the similitude of <i>bread</i>, and of <i>believing</i> under the similitude of <i>eating and drinking</i>; to which, together with his putting both together in the <i>eating</i> of <i>his flesh</i> and <i>drinking</i> of his <i>blood</i>, and with the remarks made upon it by the hearers, the rest of this conference may be reduced.</p>
<p class="tab-1">1. Christ having spoken of <i>himself</i> as the great <i>gift of God</i>, and the <i>true bread</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.32" href="/passage/?search=John.6.32">John 6:32</a>), largely <i>explains</i> and <i>confirms</i> this, that we may rightly know him.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(1.) He here shows that he is the <i>true bread</i>; this he repeats again and again, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.33,John.6.35,John.6.48-John.6.51" href="/passage/?search=John.6.33,John.6.35,John.6.48-John.6.51"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.33">John 6:33</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.35">35</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.48-John.6.51">48-51</span></a>. Observe, [1.] That Christ is <i>bread</i> is that to the soul which bread is to the body, nourishes and supports the spiritual life (is the staff of it) as bread does the bodily life; <i>it is the staff of life</i>. The doctrines of the gospel concerning Christ—that he is the mediator between God and man, that he is our peace, our righteousness, our Redeemer; <i>by these things do men live</i>. Our bodies could better live without food than our souls without Christ. <i>Bread-corn</i> is <i>bruised</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Isa.28.28" href="/passage/?search=Isa.28.28">Isa. 28:28</a>), so was Christ; he was born at Bethlehem, the <i>house of bread</i>, and typified by the <i>show-bread</i>. [2.] That he is the <i>bread of God</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.33" href="/passage/?search=John.6.33">John 6:33</a>), divine bread; it is he that is <i>of God</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.46" href="/passage/?search=John.6.46">John 6:46</a>), bread which my Father gives (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.32" href="/passage/?search=John.6.32">John 6:32</a>), which he has made to be the food of our souls; the bread of God’s family, his <i>children’s bread</i>. The Levitical sacrifices are called the <i>bread of God</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Lev.21.21,Lev.21.22" href="/passage/?search=Lev.21.21,Lev.21.22"><span class="bibleref" title="Lev.21.21">Lev. 21:21</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Lev.21.22">22</span></a>), and Christ is the great sacrifice; Christ, in his word and ordinances, the <i>feast</i> upon the sacrifice. [3.] That he is the <i>bread of life</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.35,John.6.48" href="/passage/?search=John.6.35,John.6.48"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.35">John 6:35</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.48">48</span></a>), <i>that</i> bread of life, alluding to the tree of life in the midst of the garden of Eden, which was to Adam the seal of that part of the covenant, <i>Do this and live</i>, of which he might <i>eat and live</i>. Christ is the bread of life, for he is the fruit of the <i>tree of life. First</i>, He is the <i>living bread</i> (so he explains himself, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.51" href="/passage/?search=John.6.51">John 6:51</a>): <i>I am the living bread</i>. Bread is itself a dead thing, and nourishes not but by the help of the faculties of a living body; but Christ is himself <i>living bread</i>, and nourishes by his own power. Manna was a dead thing; if kept but one night, it putrefied and bred worms; but Christ is ever living, everlasting bread, that never moulds, nor waxes old. The doctrine of Christ crucified is now as strengthening and comforting to a believer as ever it was, and his mediation still of as much value and efficacy as ever. <i>Secondly, He gives life unto the world</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.33" href="/passage/?search=John.6.33">John 6:33</a>), spiritual and eternal life; the life of the soul in union and communion with God here, and in the vision and fruition of him hereafter; a life that includes in it all happiness. The <i>manna</i> did only reserve and support life, did not preserve and perpetuate life, much less restore it; but Christ <i>gives</i> life to those that were dead in sin. The manna was ordained only for the life of the Israelites, but Christ is given for the <i>life of the world</i>; none are excluded from the benefit of this bread, but such as exclude themselves. Christ came to <i>put life</i> into the minds of men, principles productive of acceptable performances. [4.] That he is the <i>bread which came down from heaven</i>; this is often repeated here, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.33,John.6.50,John.6.51,John.6.58" href="/passage/?search=John.6.33,John.6.50,John.6.51,John.6.58"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.33">John 6:33</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.50">50</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.51">51</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.58">58</span></a>. This denotes, <i>First</i>, The divinity of Christ’s person. As God, he had a being in heaven, whence he came to take our nature upon him: <i>I came down from heaven</i>, whence we may infer his <i>antiquity</i>, he was in the beginning with God; his <i>ability</i>, for heaven is the firmament of power; and his <i>authority</i>, he came with a divine commission. <i>Secondly</i>, The divine original of all that good which flows to us through him. He <i>comes</i>, not only <b><i>katabas</i></b>—<i>that came down</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.51" href="/passage/?search=John.6.51">John 6:51</a>), but <b><i>katabainoi</i></b>—<i>that comes down</i>; he is descending, denoting a constant communication of light, life, and love, from God to believers through Christ, as the <i>manna</i> descended daily; see <a class="bibleref" title="Eph.1.3" href="/passage/?search=Eph.1.3">Eph. 1:3</a>. <i>Omnia desuper—All things from above</i>. [5.] That he is <i>that bread</i> of which the <i>manna</i> was a type and figure (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.58" href="/passage/?search=John.6.58">John 6:58</a>), <i>that</i> bread, the true bread, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.32" href="/passage/?search=John.6.32">John 6:32</a>. As the rock that they drank of was Christ, so was the manna they ate of <i>spiritual bread</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="1Cor.10.3,1Cor.10.4" href="/passage/?search=1Cor.10.3,1Cor.10.4"><span class="bibleref" title="1Cor.10.3">1 Cor. 10:3</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="1Cor.10.4">4</span></a>. <i>Manna</i> was given to Israel; so Christ to the spiritual Israel. There was <i>manna</i> enough for them all; so in Christ a fulness of grace for all believers; he that <i>gathers much</i> of this <i>manna</i> will have none to spare when he comes to use it; and he that gathers little, when his grace comes to be perfected in glory, shall find that <i>he has no lack. Manna</i> was to be gathered in the morning; and those that would find Christ must <i>seek him early</i>. Manna was sweet, and, as the author of the <i>Wisdom of Solomon</i> tells us (<a rel="apocrypha" class="bibleref" title="Wis.16.20" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Wis.16.20">Wisd. 16:20</a>), was agreeable to every palate; and to those that believe Christ is <i>precious</i>. Israel lived upon <i>manna</i> till they came to Canaan; and Christ is our life. There was a memorial of the <i>manna</i> preserved in the ark; so of Christ in the Lord’s supper, as the food of souls.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(2.) He here shows what his undertaking was, and what his errand into the world. Laying aside the metaphor, he speaks plainly, and speaks no proverb, giving us an account of his business among men, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.38-John.6.40" href="/passage/?search=John.6.38-John.6.40">John 6:38-40</a>.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[1.] He assures us, in general, that he came from heaven upon his Father’s business (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.38" href="/passage/?search=John.6.38">John 6:38</a>), not <i>do his own will, but the will of him that sent him</i>. He <i>came from heaven</i>, which bespeaks him an intelligent active being, who voluntarily descended to this lower world, a long journey, and a great step downward, considering the glories of the world he came from and the calamities of the world he came to; we may well ask with wonder, “What moved him to such an expedition?” Here he tells that he came to do, not <i>his own will</i>, but the will of his Father; not that he had any will that stood in competition with the will of his Father, but those to whom he spoke suspected he might. “No,” saith he, “my own will is not the spring I act from, nor the rule I go by, but I am come to <i>do the will of him that sent me</i>.” That is, <i>First</i>, Christ did not come into the world as a <i>private</i> person, that acts for himself only, but under a <i>public character</i>, to act for others as an ambassador, or plenipotentiary, authorized by a public commission; he came into the world as God’s great agent and the world’s great physician. It was not any private business that brought him hither, but he came to settle affairs between parties no less considerable than the great Creator and the whole creation. <i>Secondly</i>, Christ, when he was in the world, did not carry on any <i>private</i> design, nor had any <i>separate interest</i> at all, distinct from theirs for whom he acted. The scope of his whole life was to glorify God and do good to men. He therefore never consulted his own ease, safety, or quiet; but, when he was to lay down his life, though he had a human nature which startled at it, he set aside the consideration of that, and resolved his will as man into the will of God: <i>Not as I will, but as thou wilt</i>.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[2.] He acquaints us, in particular, with that will of the Father which he came to do; he here <i>declares the decree</i>, the instructions he was to pursue.</p>
<p class="tab-1"><i>First</i>, The <i>private instructions</i> given to Christ, that he should be sure to save all the chosen remnant; and this is the <i>covenant of redemption</i> between the Father and the Son (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.38" href="/passage/?search=John.6.38">John 6:38</a>): “<i>This is the Father’s will, who hath sent me</i>; this is the charge I am entrusted with, that <i>of all whom he hath given me I should lose none</i>.” Note, 1. There is a certain number of the children of men <i>given</i> by the Father to Jesus Christ, to be his care, and so to be to him for a name and a praise; given him for <i>an inheritance</i>, for a possession. Let him do all that for them which their case requires; teach them, and heal them, pay their debt, and plead their cause, prepare them for, and preserve them to, eternal life, and then let him make his best of them. The Father might dispose of them as he pleased: as creatures, their lives and beings were <i>derived from</i> him; as sinners, their lives and beings were <i>forfeited to him</i>. He might have sold them for the satisfaction of his justice, and delivered them <i>to the tormentors</i>; but he pitched upon them to be the monuments of his mercy, and delivered them to the Saviour. Those whom God chose to be the objects of his special love he lodged as a trust in the hands of Christ. 2. Jesus Christ has undertaken that he will <i>lose none</i> of those that were thus <i>given him</i> of the Father. The <i>many sons</i> whom he was to <i>bring to glory</i> shall all be forth-coming, and none of them missing, <a class="bibleref" title="Matt.18.14" href="/passage/?search=Matt.18.14">Matt. 18:14</a>. None of them shall be lost, for want of a sufficient grace to sanctify them. <i>If I bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the blame for ever</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Gen.43.9" href="/passage/?search=Gen.43.9">Gen. 43:9</a>. 3. Christ’s undertaking for those that are given him extends to the resurrection of their bodies. <i>I will raise it up again at the last day</i>, which supposes all that goes before, but this is to crown and complete the undertaking. The body is a part of the man, and therefore a part of Christ’s purchase and charge; it pertains to the promises, and therefore it shall not be <i>lost</i>. The undertaking is not only that he shall <i>lose none</i>, no <i>person</i>, but that he shall <i>lose nothing</i>, no part of the person, and therefore not the body. Christ’s undertaking will never be accomplished till the resurrection, when the souls and bodies of the saints shall be re-united and gathered to Christ, that he may present them to the Father: <i>Behold I, and the children that thou has given me</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Heb.2.13,2Tim.1.12" href="/passage/?search=Heb.2.13,2Tim.1.12"><span class="bibleref" title="Heb.2.13">Heb. 2:13</span>; <span class="bibleref" title="2Tim.1.12">2 Tim. 1:12</span></a>. 4. The spring and original of all this is the <i>sovereign will of God</i>, the counsels of his will, according to which he works all this. This was the commandment he gave to his Son, when he sent him into the world, and to which the Son always had an eye.</p>
<p class="tab-1"><i>Secondly</i>, The <i>public instructions</i> which were to be given to the children of men, in what way, and upon what terms, they might obtain salvation by Christ; and this is the <i>covenant of grace</i> between God and man. Who the particular persons were that were given to Christ is a <i>secret: The Lord knows them that are his</i>, we do not, nor is it fit we should; but, though their names are concealed, their characters are published. An offer is made of life and happiness upon gospel terms, that by it those that were given to Christ might be brought to him, and others left inexcusable (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.40" href="/passage/?search=John.6.40">John 6:40</a>): “<i>This is the will</i>, the revealed will, <i>of him that sent me</i>, the method agreed upon, upon which to proceed with the children of men, that <i>every one</i>, Jew or Gentile, that <i>sees the Son, and believes on him</i>, may have <i>everlasting life</i>, and <i>I will raise him up</i>.” This is <i>gospel</i> indeed, good news. Isa. it now reviving to hear this? 1. That <i>eternal life</i> may be had, if it be not our own fault; that whereas, upon the sin of the first Adam, the <i>way of the tree of life</i> was blocked up, by the grace of the second Adam it is laid upon again. The crown of glory is set before us as the prize of our high calling, which we may run for and obtain. 2. Every one may have it. This gospel is to be preached, this offer made, to all, and none can say, “It belongs not to me,” <a class="bibleref" title="Rev.22.17" href="/passage/?search=Rev.22.17">Rev. 22:17</a>. 3. This everlasting life is sure to all those who believe in Christ, and to them only. He that <i>sees the Son</i>, and <i>believes on him</i>, shall be saved. Some understand this <i>seeing</i> as a <i>limitation</i> of this condition of salvation to those only that have the revelation of Christ and his grace made to them. Every one that has the opportunity of being acquainted with Christ, and improves this so well as to <i>believe</i> in him, shall have everlasting life, so that none shall be condemned for unbelief (however they maybe for other sins) but those who have had the gospel preached to them, who, like these Jews here (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.36" href="/passage/?search=John.6.36">John 6:36</a>), have <i>seen</i>, and yet have <i>not</i> believed; have known Christ, and yet not trusted in him. But I rather understand <i>seeing</i> here to mean the same thing with <i>believing</i>, for it is <b><i>theoron</i></b>, which signifies not so much the sight of the eye (as <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.36" href="/passage/?search=John.6.36">John 6:36</a>; <b><i>heorakate me</i></b>—<i>ye have seen me</i>) as the <i>contemplation of the mind</i>. Every one that <i>sees the Son</i>, that is, <i>believes on him</i>, sees him with an eye of faith, by which we come to be duly acquainted and affected with the doctrine of the gospel concerning him. It is to look upon him, as the stung Israelites upon the brazen serpent. It is not a <i>blind</i> faith that Christ requires, that we should be willing to have our <i>eyes put out</i>, and then follow him, but that we should <i>see him</i>, and see what ground we go upon in our faith. It is <i>then</i> right when it is not taken up upon <i>hearsay</i> (believing as the church believes), but is the result of a due consideration of, and insight into, the motives of credibility: <i>Now mine eye sees thee. We have heard him ourselves</i>. 4. Those who believe in Jesus Christ, in order to their having everlasting life, shall be raised up by his power at the last day. He had it in charge as his Father’s will (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.39" href="/passage/?search=John.6.39">John 6:39</a>), and here he solemnly makes it his own undertaking: I <i>will raise him up</i>, which signifies not only the return of the body to life, but the putting of the <i>whole man</i> into a full possession of the eternal life promised.</p>
<p class="tab-1">2. Now Christ discoursing thus concerning himself, as the <i>bread of life</i> that came down from heaven, let us see what remarks his hearers made upon it.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(1.) When they heard of such a thing as the <i>bread of God</i>, which <i>gives life</i>, they heartily prayed for it (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.34" href="/passage/?search=John.6.34">John 6:34</a>): <i>Lord, evermore give us this bread</i>. I cannot think that this is spoken scoffingly, and in a way of derision, as most interpreters understand it: “Give us such bread as this, if thou canst; let us be fed with it, not for one meal, as with the five loaves, but <i>evermore</i>;” as if this were no better a prayer than that of the impenitent thief: <i>If thou be the Christ, save thyself and us</i>. But I take this request to be made, though ignorantly, yet honestly, and to be well meant; for they call him <i>Lord</i>, and desire a share in what he <i>gives</i>, whatever he means by it. General and confused notions of divine things produce in carnal hearts some kind of desires towards them, and wishes of them; like Balaam’s wish, to die the <i>death of the righteous</i>. Those who have an indistinct knowledge of the things of God, who see men as trees walking, make, as I may call them, <i>inarticulate</i> prayers for spiritual blessings. They think the favour of God a <i>good thing</i>, and heaven a <i>fine place</i>, and cannot but wish them their own, while they have no value nor desire at all for that holiness which is necessary both to the one and to the other. Let this be the desire of our souls; have we tasted that the Lord is gracious, been feasted with the word of God, and Christ in the word? Let us say, “<i>Lord, evermore give us this bread</i>; let the bread of life be our daily bread, the heavenly manna our continual feast, and let us never know the want of it.”</p>
<p class="tab-1">(2.) But, when they understood that by this <i>bread of life</i> Jesus meant <i>himself</i>, then they <i>despised</i> it. Whether they were the same persons that had prayed for it (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.34" href="/passage/?search=John.6.34">John 6:34</a>), or some others of the company, does not appear; it seems to be some others, for they are called <i>Jews</i>. Now it is said (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.41" href="/passage/?search=John.6.41">John 6:41</a>), <i>They murmured at him</i>. This comes in immediately after that solemn declaration which Christ had made of God’s will and his own undertaking concerning man’s salvation (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.39,John.6.40" href="/passage/?search=John.6.39,John.6.40"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.39">John 6:39</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.40">40</span></a>), which certainly were some of the most weighty and gracious words that ever proceeded out of the mouth of our Lord Jesus, the most faithful, and best worthy of all acceptation. One would think that, like Israel in Egypt, when they heard that God had thus <i>visited</i> them, they should have <i>bowed their heads and worshipped</i>; but on the contrary, instead of closing with the offer made them, they <i>murmured</i>, quarrelled with what Christ said, and, though they did not openly oppose and contradict it, yet they privately whispered among themselves in contempt of it, and instilled into one another’s minds prejudices against it. Many that will not professedly contradict the doctrine of Christ (their cavils are so weak and groundless that they are either ashamed to own them or afraid to have them silenced), yet say in their hearts that they <i>do not like it</i>. Now, [1.] That which offended them was Christ’s asserting his origin to be <i>from heaven</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.41,John.6.42" href="/passage/?search=John.6.41,John.6.42"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.41">John 6:41</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.42">42</span></a>. How is it that he saith, <i>I came down from heaven</i>? They had heard of angels coming down <i>from heaven</i>, but never of a man, overlooking the proofs he had given them of his being more than a man. [2.] That which they thought justified them herein was that they knew his extraction on earth: <i>Isa. not this Jesus the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know</i>? They took it amiss that he should say that he came down from heaven, when he was <i>one of them</i>. They speak slightly of his blessed name, <i>Jesus: Isa. not this Jesus</i>. They take it for granted that Joseph was really his father, though he was only <i>reputed</i> to be so. Note, Mistakes concerning the person of Christ, as if he were a mere man, conceived and born by ordinary generation, occasion the offence that is taken at his doctrine and offices. Those who set him on a level with the other sons of men, whose father and mother we know, no wonder if they derogate from the honour of his satisfaction and the mysteries of his undertaking, and, like the Jews here, murmur at his promise to <i>raise us up at the last day</i>.</p>
<p class="tab-1">3. Christ, having spoken of faith as the great <i>work of God</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.29" href="/passage/?search=John.6.29">John 6:29</a>), discourses largely concerning this work, instructing and encouraging us in it.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(1.) He shows what it is to <i>believe in Christ</i>. [1.] To believe in Christ is to <i>come to Christ</i>. He that <i>comes to</i> me is the same with him that <i>believes in me</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.35" href="/passage/?search=John.6.35">John 6:35</a>), and again (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.37" href="/passage/?search=John.6.37">John 6:37</a>): <i>He that comes unto me</i>; so <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.44,John.6.45" href="/passage/?search=John.6.44,John.6.45"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.44">John 6:44</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.45">45</span></a>. Repentance towards God is <i>coming to him</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Jer.3.22" href="/passage/?search=Jer.3.22">Jer. 3:22</a>) as our chief good and highest end; and so faith towards our Lord Jesus Christ is coming to him as our prince and Saviour, and our way to the Father. It denotes the out-goings of our affection towards him, for these are the motions of the soul, and actions agreeable; it is to <i>come off</i> from all those things that stand in opposition to him or competition with him, and to <i>come up</i> to those terms upon which life and salvation are offered to us through him. When he was here on earth it was more that barely coming where he was; so it is now more than coming to his word and ordinances. [2.] It is to <i>feed upon Christ</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.51" href="/passage/?search=John.6.51">John 6:51</a>): <i>If any man eat of this bread</i>. The former denotes applying ourselves to Christ; this denotes applying Christ to ourselves, with appetite and delight, that we may receive life, and strength, and comfort from him. To feed on him as the Israelites on the manna, having quitted the <i>fleshpots</i> of Egypt, and not depending on the <i>labour of their hands</i> (to eat of that), but living purely on the bread given them from heaven.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(2.) He shows what is to be got by believing in Christ. What will he give us if we <i>come to him</i>? What shall we be the better of we <i>feed upon him? Want</i> and <i>death</i> are the chief things we dread; may we but be assured of the comforts of our being, and the continuance of it in the midst of these comforts, we have enough; now these two are here secured to true believers.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[1.] They shall never want, <i>never hunger, never thirst</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.35" href="/passage/?search=John.6.35">John 6:35</a>. Desires they have, earnest desires, but these so suitably, so seasonably, so abundantly satisfied, that they cannot be called hunger and thirst, which are uneasy and painful. Those that did eat manna, and drink of the rock, hungered and thirsted afterwards. Manna surfeited them; water out of the rock failed them. But there is such an <i>over-flowing fulness</i> in Christ as can never be <i>exhausted</i>, and there are such <i>ever-flowing communications</i> from him as can never be interrupted.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[2.] They shall <i>never die</i>, not die eternally; for, <i>First</i>, He that believes on Christ <i>has everlasting life</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.47" href="/passage/?search=John.6.47">John 6:47</a>); he has the assurance of it, the grant of it, the earnest of it; he has it in the promise and first-fruits. Union with Christ and communion with God in Christ are <i>everlasting life</i> begun. <i>Secondly</i>, Whereas they that did <i>eat manna</i> died, Christ is such bread as a man may eat of and never die, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.49,John.6.50" href="/passage/?search=John.6.49,John.6.50"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.49">John 6:49</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.50">50</span></a>. Observe here, 1. The insufficiency of the typical manna: <i>Your fathers did eat manna in the wilderness, and are dead</i>. There may be much good use made of the death of our fathers; their graves speak to us, and their monuments are our memorials, particularly of this, that the greatest <i>plenty</i> of the most <i>dainty</i> food will neither prolong the thread of life nor avert the stroke of death. Those that did eat manna, angel’s food, died like other men. There could be nothing amiss in their diet, to shorten their days, nor could their deaths be hastened by the toils and fatigues of life (for they neither sowed nor reaped), and <i>yet they died</i>. (1.) Many of them died by the immediate strokes of God’s vengeance for their unbelief and murmurings; for, <i>though they did eat that spiritual meat</i>, yet with many of them God <i>was not well-pleased, but they were overthrown in the wilderness</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="1Cor.10.3-1Cor.10.5" href="/passage/?search=1Cor.10.3-1Cor.10.5">1 Cor. 10:3-5</a>. Their eating manna was no security to <i>them</i> from the <i>wrath of God</i>, as believing in Christ is to <i>us</i>. (2.) The rest of them died in a course of nature, and their carcases fell, under a divine sentence, in that wilderness where they did <i>eat manna</i>. In that very age when miracles were <i>daily bread</i> was the life of man reduced to the stint it now stands at, as appears, <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.90.10" href="/passage/?search=Ps.90.10">Ps. 90:10</a>. Let them not then boast so much of <i>manna</i>. 2. The all-sufficiency of the true <i>manna</i>, of which the other was a type: <i>This is the bread that cometh down from heaven</i>, that truly divine and heavenly food, <i>that a man may eat thereof and not die</i>; that is, not fall under the wrath of God, which is killing to the soul; <i>not die</i> the second death; no, nor the first death finally and irrecoverably. <i>Not die</i>, that is, not perish, not come short of the heavenly Canaan, as the Israelites did of the earthly, for want of <i>faith</i>, though they had <i>manna</i>. This is further explained by that promise in the next words: <i>If any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.51" href="/passage/?search=John.6.51">John 6:51</a>. This is the meaning of this <i>never dying</i>: though he go down <i>to death</i>, he shall pass through it to that world where there shall be <i>no more death</i>. To <i>live for ever</i> is not to <i>be</i> for ever (the damned in hell shall <i>be</i> for ever, the soul of man was made for an endless state), but to be <i>happy</i> for ever. And because the body must needs die, and be as water spilt upon the ground, Christ here undertakes for the gathering of that up too (as before, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.44" href="/passage/?search=John.6.44">John 6:44</a>; <i>I will raise him up at the last day</i>); and even that shall live for ever.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(3.) He shows what encouragements we have to believe in Christ. Christ here speaks of some who <i>had seen him and yet believed not</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.36" href="/passage/?search=John.6.36">John 6:36</a>. They saw his person and miracles, and heard him preach, and yet were not wrought upon to believe in him. Faith is not always the effect of sight; the soldiers were eye-witnesses of his resurrection, and yet, instead of <i>believing</i> in him, they <i>belied</i> him; so that it is a difficult thing to bring people to believe in Christ: and, by the operation of the Spirit of grace, those that <i>have not seen have yet believed</i>. Two things we are here assured of, to encourage our faith:—</p>
<p class="tab-1">[1.] That the Son will bid all those welcome that come to him (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.37" href="/passage/?search=John.6.37">John 6:37</a>): <i>Him that cometh to me I will in no wise cast out</i>. How welcome should this word be to our souls which bids us welcome to Christ! <i>Him</i> that cometh; it is in the singular number, denoting favour, not only to the body of believers in general, but to every particular soul that applies itself to Christ. Here, <i>First</i>, The duty required is a pure gospel duty: to <i>come to Christ</i>, that we may come to God by him. His beauty and love, those great attractives, must <i>draw</i> us to him; sense of need and fear of danger must <i>drive</i> us to him; any thing to bring us to Christ. <i>Secondly</i>, The promise is a pure gospel promise: <i>I will in no wise cast out</i>—<b><i>ou me ekbago exo</i></b>. There are two negatives: <i>I will not, no, I will not</i>. 1. Much favour is expressed here. We have reason to fear that he should <i>cast us out</i>. Considering our meanness, our vileness, our unworthiness to come, our weakness in coming, we may justly expect that he should frown upon us, and shut his doors against us; but he obviates these fears with this assurance, he <i>will not</i> do it; will not disdain us though we are mean, will not reject us though we are sinful. Do poor scholars come to him to be taught? Though they be dull and slow, he will not <i>cast them out</i>. Do poor <i>patients</i> come to him to be <i>cured</i>, poor <i>clients</i> come to him to be <i>advised</i>? Though their case be bad, and though they come empty-handed, he will <i>in no wise cast them out</i>. But, 2. More favour is implied than is expressed; when it is said that he will no cast them out the meaning is, He will receive them, and entertain them, and give them all that which they come to him for. As he will not refuse them at their first coming, so he will not afterwards, upon every displeasure, cast them out. <i>His gifts and callings are without repentance</i>.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[2.] That the Father will, without fail, bring all those to him in due time that were given him. In the federal transactions between the Father and the Son, relating to man’s redemption, as the Son undertook for the justification, sanctification, and salvation, of all that should come to him (“Let me have them put into my hands, and then leave the management of them to me”), so the Father, the fountain and original of being, life, and grace, undertook to put into his hand all that were given him, and bring them to him. Now,</p>
<p class="tab-1"><i>First</i>, He here <i>assures</i> us <i>that</i> this shall be done: <i>All that the Father giveth me shall come to me</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.37" href="/passage/?search=John.6.37">John 6:37</a>. Christ had complained (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.36" href="/passage/?search=John.6.36">John 6:36</a>) of those who, though they had <i>seen</i> him, yet would not believe on him; and then he adds this,</p>
<p class="tab-1"><i>a</i>. For <i>their</i> conviction and awakening, plainly intimating that their not coming to him, and believing on him, if they persisted in it, would be a certain sign that they did not belong to the election of grace; for how can we think that God gave us to Christ if we give ourselves to the world and the flesh? <a class="bibleref" title="2Pet.1.10" href="/passage/?search=2Pet.1.10">2 Pet. 1:10</a>.</p>
<p class="tab-1"><i>b</i>. For <i>his own</i> comfort and encouragement: <i>Though Israel be not gathered, yet shall I be glorious</i>. The election <i>has obtained</i>, and shall though multitudes be <i>blinded</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Rom.11.7" href="/passage/?search=Rom.11.7">Rom. 11:7</a>. Though he lose many of his <i>creatures</i>, yet none of his <i>charge: All that the Father gives him shall come to him</i> notwithstanding. Here we have, (<i>a</i>.) The election described: <i>All that the father giveth me</i>, <b><i>pan ho didosi</i></b>—<i>every thing</i> which the Father <i>giveth to me</i>; the persons of the elect, and all that belongs to them; all their services, all their interests. As all that he has is <i>theirs</i>, so all that they have is <i>his</i>, and he speaks of them as his all: they were given him in full recompense of his undertaking. Not only all persons, but all things, are gathered together in Christ (<a class="bibleref" title="Eph.1.10" href="/passage/?search=Eph.1.10">Eph. 1:10</a>) and reconciled, <a class="bibleref" title="Col.1.20" href="/passage/?search=Col.1.20">Col. 1:20</a>. The giving of the chosen remnant to Christ is spoken of (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.39" href="/passage/?search=John.6.39">John 6:39</a>) as a thing <i>done</i>; he <i>hath given</i> them. Here it is spoken of as a thing <i>in the doing</i>; he <i>giveth them</i>; because, <i>when the first begotten was brought into the world</i>, it should seem, there was a renewal of the grant; see <a class="bibleref" title="Heb.10.5" href="/passage/?search=Heb.10.5">Heb. 10:5</a> God was now about to <i>give him the heathen for his inheritance</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Ps.2.8" href="/passage/?search=Ps.2.8">Ps. 2:8</a>), to put him in possession of <i>the desolate heritages</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Isa.49.8" href="/passage/?search=Isa.49.8">Isa. 49:8</a>), to <i>divide him a portion with the great</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Isa.53.12" href="/passage/?search=Isa.53.12">Isa 53:12</a>. And though the Jews, who <i>saw</i> him, <i>believed not</i> on him, yet these (saith he) shall <i>come to me</i>; the other sheep, which are not of this fold, shall be <i>brought</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.10.15,John.10.16" href="/passage/?search=John.10.15,John.10.16"><span class="bibleref" title="John.10.15">John 10:15</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.10.16">16</span></a>. See <a class="bibleref" title="Acts.13.45-Acts.13.48" href="/passage/?search=Acts.13.45-Acts.13.48">Acts 13:45-48</a>. (<i>b</i>.) The effect of it secured: <i>They shall come to me</i>. This is not in the nature of a <i>promise</i>, but a <i>prediction</i>, that as many as were in the counsel of God ordained to life shall be brought to life by being brought to Christ. They are <i>scattered</i>, are mingled among the nations, yet none of them shall be forgotten; not a grain of God’s corn shall be lost, as is promised, <a class="bibleref" title="Amos.9.9" href="/passage/?search=Amos.9.9">Amos 9:9</a>. They are by nature <i>alienated</i> from Christ, and averse to him, and yet <i>they shall come</i>. As God’s omniscience is engaged for the finding of them all out, so is his omnipotence for the bringing of them all in. Not, They shall be <i>driven</i>, to me, but, They shall come freely, shall be made <i>willing</i>.</p>
<p class="tab-1"><i>Secondly</i>, He here <i>acquaints</i> us <i>how</i> it shall be done. How shall those who are given to Christ be brought to him? Two things are to be done in order to it: </p>
<p class="tab-1"><i>a</i>. Their <i>understandings</i> shall be <i>enlightened</i>; this is promised, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.45,John.6.46" href="/passage/?search=John.6.45,John.6.46"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.45">John 6:45</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.46">46</span></a>. It is written in the prophets, who spoke of these things before, <i>And they shall be all taught of God</i>; this we find, <a class="bibleref" title="Isa.54.13,Jer.31.34" href="/passage/?search=Isa.54.13,Jer.31.34"><span class="bibleref" title="Isa.54.13">Isa. 54:13</span>; <span class="bibleref" title="Jer.31.34">Jer. 31:34</span></a>. <i>They shall all know me</i>. Note,</p>
<p class="tab-1">(<i>a</i>.) In order to our <i>believing in Jesus Christ</i>, it is necessary that we be <i>taught of God</i>; that is, [<i>a</i>.] That there be a <i>divine revelation made to us</i>, discovering to us both what we are to believe concerning Christ and why we are to believe it. There are some things which <i>even nature teaches</i>, but to bring us to Christ there is need of a higher light. [<i>b</i>.] That there be a <i>divine work wrought in us</i>, enabling us to understand and receive these revealed truths and the evidence of them. God, in giving us reason, teaches us more than the <i>beasts of the earth</i>; but in giving us faith he teaches more than the <i>natural man</i>. Thus all the church’s children, all that are <i>genuine</i>, are <i>taught of God</i>; he hath undertaken their education.</p>
<p class="tab-1">(<i>b</i>.) It follows then, by way of inference from this, that <i>every man</i> that has <i>heard and learned of the Father comes to Christ</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.45" href="/passage/?search=John.6.45">John 6:45</a>. [<i>a</i>.] It is here implied that none will come to Christ but those that have <i>heard</i> and <i>learned of the Father</i>. We shall never be brought to Christ but under a divine conduct; except God by his grace enlighten our minds, inform our judgments, and rectify our mistakes, and not only <i>tell</i> us that we may <i>hear</i>, but teach us, that we may <i>learn</i> the truth as it is in Jesus, we shall never be brought to believe in Christ. [<i>b</i>.] That this <i>divine teaching</i> does so necessarily produce the <i>faith of God’s elect</i> that we may conclude that those who do not <i>come to Christ</i> have never <i>heard</i> nor <i>learned</i> of the Father; for, if they had, doubtless they would have come to Christ. In vain do men pretend to be <i>taught of God</i> if they believe not in Christ, for he teaches no other lesson, <a class="bibleref" title="Gal.1.8,Gal.1.9" href="/passage/?search=Gal.1.8,Gal.1.9"><span class="bibleref" title="Gal.1.8">Gal. 1:8</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Gal.1.9">9</span></a>. See how God deals with men as reasonable creatures, draws them with the <i>cords of a man</i>, opens the understanding first, and then by that, in a regular way, influences the inferior faculties; thus he comes in by the door, but Satan, as a robber, climbs up another way. But lest any should dream of a visible appearance of God the Father to the children of men (to teach them these things), and entertain any gross conceptions about hearing and learning of the Father, he adds (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.46" href="/passage/?search=John.6.46">John 6:46</a>): <i>Not that any man hath seen the Father</i>; it is implied, nor <i>can</i> see him, with bodily eyes, or may expect to learn of him as Moses did, to whom he spoke <i>face to face</i>; but God, in enlightening men’s eyes and teaching them, works in a spiritual way. The Father of spirits hath access to, and influence upon, men’s spirits, undiscerned. The Father of spirits hath access to, and influence upon, men’s spirits, undiscerned. Those that have not seen his face have felt his power. And yet there is one intimately acquainted with the Father, he <i>who is of God</i>, Christ himself, he hath <i>seen the Father</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.1.18" href="/passage/?search=John.1.18">John 1:18</a>. Note, <i>First</i>, Jesus Christ is of God in a peculiar manner, God of God, light of light; not only sent of God, but begotten of God before all worlds. <i>Secondly</i>, It is the prerogative of Christ to have <i>seen the Father</i>, perfectly to know him and his counsels. <i>Thirdly</i>, Even that illumination which is preparative to faith is conveyed to us through Christ. Those that <i>learn of the Father</i>, forasmuch as they cannot see him themselves, must learn of Christ, who alone hath seen him. As all divine discoveries are made through Christ, so through him all divine powers are exerted.</p>
<p class="tab-1"><i>b</i>. Their <i>wills</i> shall be <i>bowed</i>. If the soul of man had now its original rectitude there needed no more to influence the will than the illumination of the understanding; but in the depraved soul of fallen man there is a rebellion of the will against the right dictates of the understanding; a <i>carnal mind</i>, which is <i>enmity</i> itself to the divine light and law. It is therefore requisite that there be a work of grace wrought upon the will, which is here called <i>drawing</i>, (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.44" href="/passage/?search=John.6.44">John 6:44</a>): <i>No man can come to me except the Father, who hath sent me, draw him</i>. The Jews murmured at the doctrine of Christ; not only would not receive it themselves, but were angry that others did. Christ overheard their secret whisperings, and said (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.43" href="/passage/?search=John.6.43">John 6:43</a>), “<i>Murmur not among yourselves</i>; lay not the fault of your dislike of my doctrine one upon another, as if it were because you find it generally distasted; no, it is owing to yourselves, and your own corrupt dispositions, which are such as amount to a <i>moral impotency</i>; your antipathies to the truths of God, and prejudices against them, are so strong that nothing less than a divine power can conquer them.” And this is the case of all mankind: “<i>No man can come to me</i>, can persuade himself to come up to the terms of the gospel, <i>except the Father, who hath sent me, draw him</i>,” <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.44" href="/passage/?search=John.6.44">John 6:44</a>. Observe, (<i>a</i>.) The nature of the work: It is <i>drawing</i>, which denotes not a <i>force</i> put upon the will, whereby of unwilling we are made willing, and a new bias is given to the soul, by which it inclines to God. This seems to be more than a <i>moral suasion</i>, for by that it is in the power to <i>draw</i>; yet it is not to be called a <i>physical impulse</i>, for it lies out of the road of <i>nature</i>; but he that <i>formed the spirit of man within him</i> by his creating power, and <i>fashions the hearts of men</i> by his providential influence, knows how to new-mould the soul, and to alter its bent and temper, and make it conformable to himself and his own will, without doing any wrong to its natural liberty. It is such a drawing as works not only a <i>compliance</i>, but a cheerful compliance, a complacency: <i>Draw us, and we will run after thee</i>. (<i>b</i>.) The necessity of it: <i>No man</i>, in this weak and helpless state, can come to Christ without it. As we <i>cannot</i> do any natural action without the concurrence of <i>common providence</i>, so we cannot do any action morally good without the influence of <i>special grace</i>, in which the <i>new man</i> lives, and moves, and has its being, as much as the <i>mere man</i> has in the divine providence. (<i>c</i>.) The author of it: The <i>Father who hath sent me</i>. The Father, having sent Christ, will succeed him, for he would not send him on a fruitless errand. Christ having undertaken to bring souls to glory, God promised him, in order thereunto, to bring them to him, and so to give him possession of those to whom he had given him a right. God, having by promise given the kingdom of Israel to David, did at length <i>draw the hearts</i> of the people to him; so, having sent Christ to save souls, he sends souls to him to be saved by him. (<i>d</i>.) The crown and perfection of this work: And <i>I will raise him up at the last day</i>. This is four times mentioned in this discourse, and doubtless it includes all the intermediate and preparatory workings of divine grace. When he <i>raises them up at the last day</i>, he will put the <i>last hand</i> to his undertaking, will <i>bring forth the topstone</i>. If he undertakes this, surely he <i>can</i> do any thing, and will do every thing that is necessary in order to do it. Let our expectations be carried out towards a happiness reserved for the <i>last day</i>, when all the years of time shall be fully complete and ended.</p>
<p class="tab-1">4. Christ, having thus spoken of himself as the <i>bread of life</i>, and of faith as <i>the work of God</i>, comes more particularly to show <i>what of himself</i> is this bread, namely, his flesh, and that to believe is to eat of that, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.51-John.6.58" href="/passage/?search=John.6.51-John.6.58">John 6:51-58</a>, where he still prosecutes the metaphor of food. Observe, here, the <i>preparation</i> of this food: <i>The bread that I will give is my flesh</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.51" href="/passage/?search=John.6.51">John 6:51</a>), <i>the flesh of the Son of man and his blood</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.53" href="/passage/?search=John.6.53">John 6:53</a>. <i>His flesh is meat indeed, and his blood is drink indeed</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.6.55" href="/passage/?search=John.6.55">John 6:55</a>. Observe, also, the <i>participation</i> of this food: We must <i>eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.53" href="/passage/?search=John.6.53">John 6:53</a>); and again (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.54" href="/passage/?search=John.6.54">John 6:54</a>), <i>Whoso eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood</i>; and the same words (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.56,John.6.57" href="/passage/?search=John.6.56,John.6.57"><span class="bibleref" title="John.6.56">John 6:56</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="John.6.57">57</span></a>), he that <i>eateth me</i>. This is certainly a parable or figurative discourse, wherein the actings of the soul upon things spiritual and divine are represented by bodily actions about things sensible, which made the truths of Christ more intelligible to some, and less so to others, <a class="bibleref" title="Mark.4.11-Mark.4.12" href="/passage/?search=Mark.4.11-Mark.4.12">Mark 4:11-12</a>. Now,</p>
<p class="tab-1">(1.) Let us see how this discourse of Christ was liable to mistake and misconstruction, that <i>men might see, and not perceive</i>. [1.] It was misconstrued by the carnal <i>Jews</i>, to whom it was first delivered (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.52" href="/passage/?search=John.6.52">John 6:52</a>): <i>They strove among themselves</i>; they whispered in each other’s ears their dissatisfaction: <i>How can this man give us his flesh to eat</i>? Christ spoke (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.51" href="/passage/?search=John.6.51">John 6:51</a>) of giving his flesh <i>for us</i>, to suffer and die; but they, without due consideration, understood it of his giving it <i>to us</i>, to be eaten, which gave occasion to Christ to tell them that, however what he said was otherwise intended, yet even that also of <i>eating of his flesh</i> was no such absurd thing (if rightly understood) as <i>prima facie—in the first instance</i>, they took it to be. [2.] It has been wretchedly misconstrued by the church of Rome for the support of their monstrous doctrine of transubstantiation, which gives the lie to our senses, contradicts the nature of a sacrament, and overthrows all convincing evidence. They, like these Jews here, understand it of a corporal and carnal eating of Christ’s body, like Nicodemus, <a class="bibleref" title="John.3.4" href="/passage/?search=John.3.4">John 3:4</a>. The Lord’s supper was not yet instituted, and therefore it could have no reference to that; it is a <i>spiritual</i> eating and drinking that is here spoken of, not a <i>sacramental</i>. [3.] It is misunderstood by many ignorant carnal people, who hence infer that, if they take the sacrament when they die, they shall certainly go to heaven, which, as it makes many that are weak causelessly uneasy if they want it, so it makes many that are wicked causelessly easy if they have it. Therefore,</p>
<p class="tab-1">(2.) Let us see how this discourse of Christ is to be understood.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[1.] What is meant by the <i>flesh and blood of Christ</i>. It is called (<a class="bibleref" title="John.6.53" href="/passage/?search=John.6.53">John 6:53</a>), <i>The flesh of the Son of man, and his blood, his</i> as Messiah and Mediator: the <i>flesh and blood</i> which he <i>assumed</i> in his incarnation (<a class="bibleref" title="Heb.2.14" href="/passage/?search=Heb.2.14">Heb. 2:14</a>), and which he <i>gave up</i> in his <i>death</i> and <i>suffering: my flesh which I will give</i> to be crucified and slain. It is said to be <i>given for the life of the world</i>, that is, <i>First, Instead</i> of the <i>life of the world</i>, which was <i>forfeited</i> by sin, Christ gives his own flesh as a ransom or counterprice. Christ was our bail, bound <i>body for body</i> (as we say), and therefore <i>his</i> life must go for <i>ours</i>, that ours may be spared. <i>Here am I, let these go their way. Secondly, In order to</i> the <i>life of the world</i>, to purchase a <i>general</i> offer of eternal life to all the world, and the <i>special</i> assurances of it to all believers. So that the <i>flesh and blood</i> of the Son of man denote the Redeemer <i>incarnate</i> and <i>dying</i>; Christ and <i>him crucified</i>, and the redemption wrought out by him, with all the precious benefits of redemption: pardon of sin, acceptance with God, the adoption of sons, access to the throne of grace, the promises of the covenant, and eternal life; these are called <i>the flesh and blood</i> of Christ, 1. Because they are purchased by his flesh and blood, by the breaking of his body, and shedding of his blood. Well may the purchased privileges be denominated from the price that was paid for them, for it puts a value upon them; write upon them <i>pretium sanguinis—the price of blood</i>. 2. Because they are meat and drink to our souls. <i>Flesh with the blood</i> was prohibited (<a class="bibleref" title="Gen.9.4" href="/passage/?search=Gen.9.4">Gen. 9:4</a>), but the privileges of the gospel are as flesh and blood to us, prepared for the nourishment of our souls. He had before compared himself to <i>bread</i>, which is necessary food; here to <i>flesh</i>, which is delicious. It is a <i>feast of fat things</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Isa.25.6" href="/passage/?search=Isa.25.6">Isa. 25:6</a>. The soul is satisfied with Christ as <i>with marrow and fatness</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Ps.63.5" href="/passage/?search=Ps.63.5">Ps. 63:5</a>. It is <i>meat indeed</i>, and <i>drink indeed; truly so</i>, that is spiritually; so Dr. Whitby; as Christ is called the <i>true vine</i>; or <i>truly meat</i>, in opposition to the shows and shadows with which the world shams off those that feed upon it. In Christ and his gospel there is real supply, solid satisfaction; that is <i>meat indeed</i>, and <i>drink indeed</i>, which satiates and replenishes, <a class="bibleref" title="Jer.31.25,Jer.31.26" href="/passage/?search=Jer.31.25,Jer.31.26"><span class="bibleref" title="Jer.31.25">Jer. 31:25</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Jer.31.26">26</span></a>.</p>
<p class="tab-1">[2.] What is meant by <i>eating this flesh</i> and <i>drinking</i> this <i>blood</i>, which is so necessary and beneficial; it is certain that is means neither more nor less than believing in Christ. As we partake of meat and drink by eating and drinking, so we partake of Christ and his benefits by faith: and <i>believing in Christ</i> includes these four things, which <i>eating and drinking</i> do:—<i>First</i>, It implies an <i>appetite</i> to Christ. This spiritual eating and drinking begins with <i>hungering</i> and <i>thirsting</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Matt.5.6" href="/passage/?search=Matt.5.6">Matt. 5:6</a>), earnest and importunate desires after Christ, not willing to take up with any thing short of an interest in him: “Give me Christ or else I die.” <i>Secondly</i>, An <i>application</i> of Christ to ourselves. Meat <i>looked upon</i> will not nourish us, but meat <i>fed upon</i>, and so made <i>our own</i>, and as it were <i>one with us</i>. We must so accept of Christ as to appropriate him to ourselves: <i>my Lord, and my God</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="John.20.28" href="/passage/?search=John.20.28">John 20:28</a>. <i>Thirdly</i>, A <i>delight</i> in Christ and his salvation. The doctrine of Christ crucified must be <i>meat and drink</i> to us, most pleasant and delightful. We must feast upon the dainties of the <i>New Testament in the blood of Christ</i>, taking as great a complacency in the methods which Infinite Wisdom has taken to redeem and save us as ever we did in the most needful supplies or grateful delights of nature. <i>Fourthly</i>, A <i>derivation of nourishment</i> from him and a dependence upon him for the support and comfort of our spiritual life, and the strength, growth, and vigour </p>