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<p>Solomon had said (<a class="bibleref" title="Eccl.8.5" href="/passage/?search=Eccl.8.5">Eccl. 8:5</a>) that <i>a wise man’s heart discerns time and judgment</i>, that is, a man’s wisdom will go a great way, by the blessing of God, in moral prognostications; but here he shows that few have that wisdom, and that even the wisest may yet be surprised by a calamity which they had not any foresight of, and therefore it is our wisdom to expect and prepare for sudden changes. Observe, 1. All the events concerning us, with the exact time of them, are determined and appointed in the counsel and foreknowledge of God, and all in wisdom: <i>To every purpose there is a time</i> prefixed, and it is the best time, for it <i>is time and judgment</i>, time appointed both in wisdom and righteousness; the appointment is not chargeable with folly or iniquity. 2. We are very much in the dark concerning future events and the time and season of them: Man <i>knows not that which shall be</i> himself; and <i>who can tell him when</i> or how <i>it shall be</i>? <a class="bibleref" title="Eccl.8.7" href="/passage/?search=Eccl.8.7">Eccl. 8:7</a>. It cannot either be foreseen by him or foretold him; the stars cannot foretel a man what shall be, nor any of the arts of divination. God has, in wisdom, concealed from us the knowledge of future events, that we may be always ready for changes. 3. It is our great unhappiness and misery that, because we cannot foresee an evil, we know not how to avoid it, or guard against it, and, because we are not aware of the proper successful season of actions, therefore we lose our opportunities and miss our way: <i>Because to every purpose there is</i> but one way, one method, one proper opportunity, <i>therefore the misery of man is great upon him</i>; because it is so hard to hit that, and it is a thousand to one but he misses it. Most of the miseries men labour under would have been prevented if they could have been foreseen and the happy time discovered to avoid them. Men are miserable because they are not sufficiently sagacious and attentive. 4. Whatever other evils may be avoided, we are all under a fatal necessity of dying, <a class="bibleref" title="Eccl.8.8" href="/passage/?search=Eccl.8.8">Eccl. 8:8</a>. (1.) When the soul is required it must be resigned, and it is to no purpose to dispute it, either by arms or arguments, by ourselves, or by any friend: <i>There is no man that has power over</i> his own <i>spirit, to retain it</i>, when it is summoned to return to God who gave it. It cannot fly any where out of the jurisdiction of death, nor find any place where its writs do not run. It cannot abscond so as to escape death’s eye, though it is hidden from the eyes of all living. A man has no power to adjourn the day of his death, nor can he by prayers or bribes obtain a reprieve; no bail will be taken, no essoine [excuse], protection, or imparlance [conference], allowed. We have not <i>power over the spirit</i> of a friend, <i>to retain</i> that; the prince, with all his authority, cannot prolong the life of the most valuable of his subjects, nor the physician with his medicines and methods, nor the soldier with his force, not the orator with his eloquence, nor the best saint with his intercessions. The stroke of death can by no means be put by when our days are determined and the hour appointed us has come. (2.) Death is an enemy that we must all enter the lists with, sooner or later: <i>There is no discharge in that war</i>, no dismission from it, either of the men of business or of the faint-hearted, as there was among the Jews, <a class="bibleref" title="Deut.20.5,Deut.20.8" href="/passage/?search=Deut.20.5,Deut.20.8"><span class="bibleref" title="Deut.20.5">Deut. 20:5</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Deut.20.8">8</span></a>. While we live we are struggling with death, and we shall never put off the harness till we put off the body, never obtain a discharge till death has obtained the mastery; the youngest is not released as a fresh-water soldier, nor the oldest as <i>miles emeritus—a soldier whose merits have entitled him to a discharge</i>. Death is a battle that must be fought, <i>There is no sending to that war</i> (so some read it), no substituting another to muster for us, no champion admitted to fight for us; we must ourselves engage, and are concerned to provide accordingly, as for a battle. (3.) Men’s wickedness, by which they often evade or outface the justice of the prince, cannot secure them from the arrest of death, nor can the most obstinate sinner harden his heart against those terrors. Though he <i>strengthen himself</i> ever so much <i>in his wickedness</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Ps.52.7" href="/passage/?search=Ps.52.7">Ps. 52:7</a>), death will be too strong for him. The most subtle wickedness cannot outwit death, nor the most impudent wickedness outbrave death. Nay, the wickedness which men give themselves to will be so far from delivering them from death that it will deliver them up to death.</p>
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