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<TITLE>Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary on the Whole Bible [Hosea VIII].</TITLE>
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<center><h1>Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
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Matthew Henry<BR><I>Commentary on the Whole Bible</I> (1712)
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<!-- (Begin Body) -->
<CENTER>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+3><B>H O S E A.</B></FONT>
<BR>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+2>CHAP. VIII.</FONT>
<HR SIZE=1 WIDTH=50>
</CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=-1>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
This chapter, as that before, divides itself into the sins and
punishments of Israel; every verse almost declares both, and all to
bring them to repentance. When they saw the malignant nature of their
sin, in the descriptions of that, they could not but be convinced now
much it was their duty to repent of what was so bad in itself; and when
they saw the mischievous consequences of their sin, in the predictions
of them, they could not but see how much it was their interest to
repent for the preventing of them.
I. The sin of Israel is here set forth,
1. In many general expressions,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:1,3,12,14">ver. 1, 3, 12, 14</A>.
2. In many particular instances; setting up kings
without God
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:4">ver. 4</A>),
setting up idols against God
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:4-6">ver. 4-6, 11</A>),
and courting alliances with the neighbouring nations,,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:8-10">ver. 8-10</A>.
3. In this aggravation of it, that they still kept up a profession of
religion and relation to God,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:2,13,14">ver. 2, 13, 14</A>.
II. The punishment of Israel is here set forth as answering to the sin.
God would bring an enemy upon them,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:1,3">ver. 1, 3</A>.
All their projects should be blasted,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:7">ver. 7</A>.
Their confidence both in their idols and in their foreign alliances
should disappoint them,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:6,8,10">ver. 6, 8, 10</A>.
Their strength at home should fail them,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:14">ver. 14</A>.
Their sacrifices should have no reckoning made of them, and their sins
should have a reckoning made for them,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:13">ver. 13</A>.</P>
</FONT>
<A NAME="Ho8_1"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_2"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_3"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_4"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_5"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_6"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_7"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec1"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>Sin and Punishment of Israel; Crimes Charged against Israel; Sottish Idolatry of Israel.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT VALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE=-1>B.&nbsp;C.</FONT>&nbsp;745.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<FONT SIZE=+1>1 <I>Set</I> the trumpet to thy mouth. <I>He shall come</I> as an eagle
against the house of the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, because they have transgressed my
covenant, and trespassed against my law.
&nbsp; 2 Israel shall cry unto me, My God, we know thee.
&nbsp; 3 Israel hath cast off <I>the thing that is</I> good: the enemy
shall pursue him.
&nbsp; 4 They have set up kings, but not by me: they have made
princes, and I knew <I>it</I> not: of their silver and their gold have
they made them idols, that they may be cut off.
&nbsp; 5 Thy calf, O Samaria, hath cast <I>thee</I> off; mine anger is
kindled against them: how long <I>will it be</I> ere they attain to
innocency?
&nbsp; 6 For from Israel <I>was</I> it also: the workman made it; therefore
it <I>is</I> not God: but the calf of Samaria shall be broken in
pieces.
&nbsp; 7 For they have sown the wind, and they shall reap the
whirlwind: it hath no stalk: the bud shall yield no meal: if so
be it yield, the strangers shall swallow it up.
</FONT></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
The reproofs and threatenings here are introduced with an order to the
prophet to <I>set the trumpet to his mouth</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:1"><I>v.</I> 1</A>),
thus to call a solemn assembly, that all might take notice of what he
had to deliver and take warning by it. He must sound an alarm, must, in
God's name, proclaim war with this rebellious nation. An enemy is
coming with speed and fury to seize their land, and he must awaken them
to expect it. Thus the prophet must do the part of a watchman, that
was by sound of trumpet to call the besieged to stand to their arms,
when he saw the besiegers making their attack,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Eze+33:3">Ezek. xxxiii. 3</A>.
The prophet must <I>lift up his voice like a trumpet</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+58:1">Isa. lviii. 1</A>),
and the people must hearken to the sound of the trumpet,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+6:17">Jer. vi. 17</A>.
Now,</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
I. Here is a general charge drawn up against them as sinners, as rebels
and traitors against their sovereign Lord.
1. They have <I>transgressed my covenant,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:1"><I>v.</I> 1</A>.
They have not only transgressed the command (every sin does that), but
they have <I>transgressed the covenant;</I> they have been guilty of
such sins as break the original contract; they have revolted from their
allegiance, and violated the marriage-covenant by their spiritual
whoredom; they have, in effect, declared that they will be no longer
God's people, nor take him for their God; that is <I>transgressing the
covenant.</I> They have not only done foolishly, but have dealt
deceitfully.
2. They have <I>trespassed against my law</I> in many particular
instances. God's law is the rule by which we are to walk; and this is
the malignity of sin, that it trespasses upon the bounds set us by that
law.
3. They have <I>cast off the thing that is good.</I> They have <I>put
away</I> and <I>rejected good,</I> that is, God himself; so some
understand it, and very fitly. He is good, and does good, and is our
goodness. <I>There is none good but one, that is God,</I> the fountain
of all good. They have <I>cast him off,</I> as not desiring to have any
thing more to do with him. God was abandoning them to ruin, and here
gives the reason for it. Note, God never casts off any till they first
cast him off. Or, as we read it, They have cast off <I>the thing that
is good;</I> they have cast off the service and worship of God, which
is, in effect, <I>casting God off.</I> They have cast off that which
denominates men good; they have cast off the fear of God, and the
regard of man, and all sense of virtue and honesty. Observe, <I>They
have transgressed my covenant;</I> it has come to this at last; for
<I>they trespassed against my law.</I> Breaking the command made way
for breaking the covenant; and they did that, for they <I>cast off that
which was good;</I> there it began first. They <I>left off to be wise
and to do good,</I> and then they went all to naught,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+36:3">Ps. xxxvi. 3</A>.
See the method of apostasy; men first cast off that which is good; then
those omissions make way for commissions; and frequent actual
transgressions of God's law bring men at length to an habitual
renunciation of his covenant. When men cast off praying, and hearing,
and sabbath-sanctification, and other things that are good, they are in
the high road to a total forsaking of God.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
II. Here are general threatenings of wrath and ruin for their sin:
<I>The enemy shall come as an eagle against the house of the Lord,</I>
and
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:3"><I>v.</I> 3</A>)
<I>shall pursue him.</I> If by <I>the house of the Lord</I> we
understand the temple at Jerusalem, by the eagle that comes against it
we must suppose to be meant either Sennacherib, who had taken all the
fenced cities of Judah, laid siege to Jerusalem (and, no doubt, aimed
at the house of the Lord, to lay that waste, as he had done the temples
of the gods of other nations), or Nebuchadnezzar, who burnt the temple
and made a prey of the vessels of the temple. But, if we make it to
point at the destruction of the kingdom of the ten tribes by the king
of Assyria, we must reckon it is the body of that people which as
Israelites, to whom <I>pertained the adoption, the glory, and the
covenants,</I> is here called the <I>house of the Lord.</I> They
thought their being so would be their protection; but the prophet is
directed to tell them that now they had lost the life and spirit of
their religion, though they still retained the name and form of it,
they were but as a carcase to which the eagles and other birds of prey
should be gathered together. The enemy shall pursue them <I>as an
eagle,</I> so swiftly, so strongly, so furiously. Note, Those who break
their covenant of friendship with God expose themselves to the enmity
of all about them, to whom they make themselves a cheap and easy prey;
and their having been <I>the house of the Lord,</I> and his living
temples, will be no excuse nor refuge to them. See
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Am+3:2">Amos iii. 2</A>.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
III. Here is the people's hypocritical claim of relation to God, when
they were in trouble and distress
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:2"><I>v.</I> 2</A>):
<I>Israel shall cry unto me;</I> when either they are threatened with
these judgments, and would plead an exemption, or when the judgments
are inflicted on them and they apply to God for relief, <I>pouring out
a prayer when God's chastening is upon them,</I> they will plead that
among them <I>God is known</I> and his <I>name is great</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+76:1">Ps. lxxvi. 1</A>)
and in their distress will pretend to that knowledge of God's ways
which in their prosperity they <I>desired not,</I> but <I>despised.</I>
They will then cry unto God, will call him their God, and (as impudent
beggars) will tell him they are well acquainted with him, and have
known him long. Note, There are many who in works deny God, and disown
him, yet, to serve a turn, will profess that they <I>know him,</I> that
they know more of him than some of their neighbours do. But what stead
will it stand a man in to be able to say, <I>My God, I know thee,</I>
when he cannot say, "My God, I love thee," and "My God, I serve thee,
and cleave to thee only?"</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
IV. Here is the prophet's expostulation with them, in God's name
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:5"><I>v.</I> 5</A>):
<I>How long will it be ere they attain to innocency?</I> It is not
meant of absolute innocency (that is what the guilty can never attain
to); but how long will it be ere they repent and reform, ere they
become innocent in this matter, and free from the sin of idolatry? They
are wedded to their idols; how long will it be ere they are weaned from
them, ere <I>they are able to get clear of them?</I> so it might be
rendered. This intimates that custom in sin makes it very difficult for
men to part with it. It is hard to cleanse from that filthiness, either
of flesh or spirit, which has been long wallowed in. But God speaks as
if he thought the time long till sinners cast away their iniquities and
come to live a new life. He complains of their obstinacy; it is that
which keeps his anger against them burning, which would soon be turned
away if they did but <I>attain to innocency</I> from those sins that
kindled it. They in trouble cry, <I>How long</I> will it be ere God
return to us in a way of mercy? but they do not hear him ask, <I>How
long</I> will it be ere they return to God in a way of duty?</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
V. Here are some particular sins which they are charged with, are
convicted of the folly of, and warned of the fatal consequences of, and
for which God's <I>anger is kindled against them.</I></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
1. In their civil affairs. They set <I>up kings without God,</I> and in
contempt of him,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:4"><I>v.</I> 4</A>.
So they did when they rejected Samuel, in whom the Lord was their king,
and chose Saul, that they might be <I>like the nations.</I> So they did
when they revolted from their allegiance to the house of David, and set
up Jeroboam, wherein, though they fulfilled God's secret counsel, yet
they aimed not at his glory, nor consulted his oracle, nor applied to
him by prayer for direction, nor had any regard to his providence, but
were led by their own humour and hurried on by the impetus of their own
passions. So they did now about the time when Hosea prophesied, when it
seems to have grown fashionable to <I>set up kings,</I> and depose them
again, according as the contenders for the crown could make an
interest,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=2Ki+15:8">2 Kings xv. 8</A>,
&c. Note, We cannot expect comfort and success in our affairs when we
go about them, and go on in them, without consulting God and
acknowledge not him in all our ways: "They <I>set up kings,</I> and
<I>I knew it not,</I> that is, I did not know it from them, they did
not ask <I>counsel at my mouth,</I> whether they might lawfully do it
or whether it would be best for them to do it, though they had prophets
and oracles with whom they might have advised." They <I>looked not to
the Holy One of Israel,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:1">Isa. xxxi. 1</A>.
Nor did the princes do as Jephthah, who, before he took upon him the
government, <I>uttered all his words before the Lord in Mizpeh,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jdg+11:11">Judg. xi. 11</A>.
Note, Those that are entrusted with public concerns, and particularly
with the election and nomination of magistrates, ought to take God
along with them therein, by desiring his direction and designing his
honour.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
2. In their religious matters they did much worse; for they <I>set up
calves against God,</I> in competition with him and contradiction to
him. "Of <I>their silver and their gold</I> which God <I>gave them,</I>
and <I>multiplied</I> to them, that they might serve and honour him
with them, they have <I>made them idols.</I>" They called them
<I>gods</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ki+12:28">1 Kings xii. 28</A>,
<I>Behold thy gods, O Israel!</I>) but God calls them <I>idols;</I> the
word signifies <I>griefs,</I> or <I>troubles,</I> because they are
offensive to God and will be ruining to those that worship them.
<I>Their silver and their gold they have made to them idols;</I> so the
words are, referring primarily to the images of their gods, which they
made of gold and silver, especially the golden calves at Dan and
Bethel. Idolaters spare no cost in worshipping their idols. But they
are very applicable to the spiritual idolatry of the covetous: <I>Their
silver and their gold</I> are the gods they place their happiness in,
set their hearts upon, to which they pay their homage, and in which
they put their confidence. Now, to show them the folly of their
idolatry, he tells them,</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
(1.) Whence their gods came. Trace them to their original, and they
will be found the creatures of their own fancies and the work of their
own hands,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:6"><I>v.</I> 6</A>.
The calf they worshipped is here called <I>the calf of Samaria,</I>
because it is probable that when Samaria, in Ahab's time, became the
metropolis of the kingdom, a calf was set up there to be near the
court, besides those at Dan and Bethel, or perhaps one of those was
removed thither; for those that are for new gods will still be for
newer. Now let them consider what this god of theirs owed its rise and
being to.
[1.] To their own invention and institution: <I>From Israel was it
also,</I> not from the God of Israel (he expressly forbade it), but
from Israel; it was a device of their own (some think), not borrowed
from any of their neighbours, no, not from the Egyptians, for, though
they worshipped Apis in a living cow, they never worshipped a <I>golden
calf;</I> that was from Israel; it was <I>their own iniquity.</I> Now
could that be worthy of their worship which was a contrivance of their
own? It was <I>from Israel,</I> that is, the gold and silver of which
it was made were collected from the people of Israel by a brief: it was
a poor god that was framed by contribution.
[2.] It was owing to the skill and labour of the craftsman,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=De+27:15">Deut. xxvii. 15</A>.
<I>The workmen made it, therefore it is not God,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:6"><I>v.</I> 6</A>.
This is a very cogent conclusive argument, and the inference so very
plain that one would think their own thoughts should have suggested it
to them, so as to make them ashamed of their idolatry. What can be more
absurd than for men to worship that as a god, giving being and good to
them, which they themselves gave being to (both matter and form), but
could not give life to? A made god is no God. This is a self-evident
truth; and yet St. Paul was accused as a criminal for preaching that
<I>those are no gods which are made with hands,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ac+19:26">Acts xix. 26</A>.
And, here, this which should have turned them from their idols comes in
as a reason why they were inseparably wedded to them; therefore they
could not attain to innocency because it was <I>from themselves;</I>
they were willing to have gods of their own to do what they pleased
with, that they themselves might do what they pleased.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
(2.) What their gods would come to. If they are not gods, they will not
last; nay, if they pretend to be gods, they will be reckoned with:
<I>The calf of Samaria shall be broken to pieces,</I> and those that
would not yield to the force of the former argument shall be convinced
by this that it is not God, but an <I>unprofitable idol,</I> as the
Chaldee calls it. It shall be <I>broken to shivers,</I> like a potter's
vessel, though it be a golden calf. It shall be <I>chips</I> or
<I>saw-dust;</I> it shall be a <I>spider's web;</I> so St. Jerome. It
seems to allude to Moses's grinding to powder the golden calf that was
in his time. This shall be served as that was. Sennacherib boasted what
he had done to <I>Samaria and her idols,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+10:11">Isa. x. 11</A>.
Note, Deifying any creature makes way for the destruction of it. If
they had made vessels and ornaments for themselves of their silver and
gold, they might have remained; but, if they make gods of them, they
shall be <I>broken to pieces.</I></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
(3.) What their gods would bring them to. The breaking of them to
pieces would be a disappointment to those who trusted in them. But that
was not all: <I>They have</I> made to themselves idols, <I>that they
may be cut off</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:4"><I>v.</I> 4</A>),
that their gold and silver, which they so abused, may be cut off (so
some take it), nay, that they may themselves be cut off from God, from
their own land, from the land of the living. Their idolatry will as
certainly end in their extirpation as if they had purposely designed
it. And, when this proves to be the effect of their sin, what relief
will they have from the gods wherein they trusted? None at all: "<I>Thy
calf, O Samaria! has cast thee off;</I> it cannot give thee any help in
thy distress, and the pleasure thou now takest in it will vanish, and
be no pleasure to thee." Those that were justly sent to the gods whom
they had chosen found them <I>miserable comforters,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jdg+10:14">Judg. x. 14</A>.
If men will not quit the love and service of sin, yet they shall
certainly lose all the delights and profits of it. If Samaria had
continued firm and faithful to the God of Israel, he would have been a
present powerful help to her; but the calf she preferred before him was
a broken reed. The case will be the same with those that make their
silver and their gold their god. It will <I>cast them off,</I> and not
<I>profit them in the day of wrath,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Eze+7:12">Ezek. vii. 12</A>.
Note, Those that suffer themselves to be deceived into any idolatries
will certainly find themselves deceived in them. Cardinal Wolsey owned
that if he had served his God as faithfully as he had served his prince
he would not have <I>cast him off,</I> as his prince did, in his old
age. Their disappointment in their idols is illustrated
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:7"><I>v.</I> 7</A>)
by a similitude which intimates both that and the destruction which God
brought upon them for their idolatry.
[1.] They got no good to themselves by worshipping idols: <I>They have
sown the wind.</I> They have put themselves to a great deal of trouble
and expense to make and worship their idols, have made a business of it
as much as the husbandman does of sowing his corn, in expectation of
reaping some mighty advantage from it, and that they should be as
prosperous and victorious as the neighbouring nations were, that
worshipped idols. But it is all a cheat; it is like <I>sowing the
wind,</I> which can yield no increase; they <I>labour in vain, labour
for the wind,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ec+5:16">Eccl. v. 16</A>.
They take great pains to no purpose, and <I>weary themselves for very
vanity,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Hab+2:13">Hab. ii. 13</A>.
Those that make an idol of this world do so; they <I>set their eyes on
that which is not,</I> which, like the wind, makes a great noise, but
has nothing substantial in it.
[2.] They brought ruin upon themselves by it: They shall <I>reap the
whirlwind,</I> a <I>great whirlwind</I> (so the word signifies), which
shall hurry them away and dash them to pieces. They not only have not
their false gods for them but they set the true God against them; their
favour will stand them in no more stead than the wind, but his wrath
will do them more mischief than a whirlwind. As a man sows, so shall he
reap. "If it may be supposed that a man should sow the wind, and cover
it with earth, or keep it there for a while penned up, what could he
expect but that it should be forced by its being shut up, and the
accession of what might increase its strength, to break forth again in
greater quantities with greater violence?" So Dr. Pocock. They promise
themselves plenty, peace, and victory, by worshipping idols, but their
expectations come to nothing. What they sow never comes up; it has
<I>no stalk,</I> no blade, or, if it have, <I>the bud shall yield no
meal;</I> it shall be as the thin ears in Pharaoh's dream, that were
blasted with the <I>east wind,</I> and there was nothing in them. Or
<I>if it yield,</I> if they do prosper for a while in their idolatrous
courses, <I>the strangers shall swallow it up;</I> it shall be so far
from doing them any service that it shall be but as a bait to invite
strangers to invade them, and as a spoil to enrich those strangers and
enable them to do so much the more mischief. Note, The service of idols
is an unprofitable service, and the works of darkness are unfruitful;
nay, in the end they will be pernicious.
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ro+6:21">Rom. vi. 21</A>,
<I>The end of those things is death.</I> Those that <I>sow iniquity</I>
reap <I>vanity:</I> nay, those that <I>sow to the flesh, reap
corruption.</I> The hopes of sinners will be cheats, and their gains
will be snares.</P>
<A NAME="Ho8_8"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_9"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_10"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_11"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_12"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_13"> </A>
<A NAME="Ho8_14"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec2"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>The Sins of Israel; The Crimes of the People.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 745.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<FONT SIZE=+1>8 Israel is swallowed up: now shall they be among the Gentiles
as a vessel wherein <I>is</I> no pleasure.
&nbsp; 9 For they are gone up to Assyria, a wild ass alone by himself:
Ephraim hath hired lovers.
&nbsp; 10 Yea, though they have hired among the nations, now will I
gather them, and they shall sorrow a little for the burden of the
king of princes.
&nbsp; 11 Because Ephraim hath made many altars to sin, altars shall
be unto him to sin.
&nbsp; 12 I have written to him the great things of my law, <I>but</I> they
were counted as a strange thing.
&nbsp; 13 They sacrifice flesh <I>for</I> the sacrifices of mine offerings,
and eat <I>it; but</I> the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> accepteth them not; now will he
remember their iniquity, and visit their sins: they shall return
to Egypt.
&nbsp; 14 For Israel hath forgotten his Maker, and buildeth temples;
and Judah hath multiplied fenced cities: but I will send a fire
upon his cities, and it shall devour the palaces thereof.
</FONT></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
It was the honour and happiness of Israel that they had but one God to
trust to and he all-sufficient in every strait, and but one God to
serve, and he well worthy of all their devotions. But it was their sin,
and folly, and shame, that they knew not when they were well off, that
they forsook their own mercies for lying vanities; for,</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
I. They multiplied their alliances
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:9"><I>v.</I> 9</A>):
<I>They have hired lovers,</I> or (as the margin reads it) <I>they have
hired loves.</I> They were at great expense to purchase the friendship
of the nations about them, that otherwise had no value nor affection at
all for them, nor cared for having any thing to do with them but only
upon the Shechemites' principles--<I>Shall not their cattle and their
substance be ours?</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ge+34:23">Gen. xxxiv. 23</A>.
Had Israel maintained the honour of their peculiarity, the surrounding
nations would have continued to admire them <I>as a wise and
understanding people;</I> but, when they profaned their own crown,
their neighbours despised them, and they had no interest in them
further than they paid dearly for it. But those surely have behaved ill
among their neighbours who have no loves, no lovers, but what they
hire. See here,
1. The contempt that Israel lay under among the nations
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:8"><I>v.</I> 8</A>):
<I>Israel is swallowed up,</I> devoured by strangers, their land eaten
up
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:7"><I>v.</I> 7</A>),
and themselves too, and, being impoverished, they have quite lost their
credit and reputation, like a merchant that has become a bankrupt, so
that they are <I>among the Gentiles as a vessel wherein is no
pleasure,</I> a vessel of <I>dishonour</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=2Ti+2:20">2 Tim. ii. 20</A>),
a <I>despised broken vessel,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+22:28">Jer. xxii. 28</A>.
None of their neighbours have any value for them, nor care to have any
thing to do with them. Note, Those that have professed religion, if
they degenerate and grow profane, are of all men the most contemptible.
<I>If the salt have lost its savour,</I> it is fit for nothing but to
be <I>trodden under foot of men.</I> Or it denotes their dispersion and
captivity <I>among the Gentiles;</I> they shall be among them poor and
prisoners; and who has pleasure in such?
2. The court that Israel made to the nations notwithstanding
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:9"><I>v.</I> 9</A>):
They have <I>gone to Assyria,</I> to engage the king of Assyria to help
them; and herein they are as a <I>wild ass alone by himself,</I>
foolish, headstrong, and unruly; they will have their way, and nothing
shall <I>hold them in,</I> no, not the bridle of God's laws, nothing
shall <I>turn them back,</I> no, not the sword of God's wrath. They
take a course by themselves, and the effect will be that, like a
<I>wild ass by himself,</I> they will be the easier and surer prey to
the lion. See
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+11:12,Jer+2:24">Job xi. 12; Jer. ii. 24</A>.
Note, Man is in nothing more like the wild ass's colt than in seeking
for that succour and that satisfaction in the creature which are to be
had in God only.
3. The crosses that they were likely to meet with in their alliances
with the neighbouring nations
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:10"><I>v.</I> 10</A>):
<I>Though they have hired among the nations,</I> and hoped thereby to
prevent their own ruin, yet <I>now will I gather them,</I> as <I>the
sheaves in the floor</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Mic+4:12">Mic. iv. 12</A>);
so that what they provided for their own safety shall but make them the
easier prey to their enemies. Note, There is no fence against the
judgments of God, when they come with commission; nay, that which men
hire for their own preservation often contributes to their own
destruction. See
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+7:20">Isa. vii. 20</A>.
The king of Assyria, whose friendship they courted, called himself a
<I>king of princes,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+10:8">Isa. x. 8</A>.
<I>Are not my princes altogether kings?</I> He laid <I>burdens</I> upon
Israel, levied taxes upon them,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=2Ki+15:19,20">2 Kings xv. 19, 20</A>.
And for these <I>they shall sorrow a little;</I> this shall be but a
little burden to them in comparison of what they may further expect; or
they will be but little sensible of this grievance, will not lay it to
heart, and therefore may expect heavier judgments. <I>They have begun
to be diminished</I> (so some read it), <I>by the burden of the king of
princes;</I> but this is only the <I>beginning of sorrows</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Mt+24:8">Matt. xxiv. 8</A>),
<I>the beginning of revenges,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=De+32:42">Deut. xxxii. 42</A>.
Note, God often comes gradually with his judgments upon a provoking
people, that he may show how slow he is to wrath, and may awaken them
to repentance; but those that are made to <I>sorrow a little,</I> if
they are not thereby brought to sorrow after a godly sort, will,
another day, be made to sorrow a great deal, to sorrow
everlastingly.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
II. They multiplied their altars and temples. Observe,</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
1. How they denied <I>the power of godliness,</I> and wholly cast that
off
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:12"><I>v.</I> 12</A>):
<I>I have written to him the great things of my law;</I> this intimates
the privilege they enjoyed, as having God's statutes and judgments made
known to them, and being entrusted with the lively oracles. Note,
(1.) The things of God's law are <I>magnalia Dei--the great things of
God.</I> They are things that proclaim the greatness of the Law-maker,
and things of great use and great importance to us; they are our life,
and our eternal welfare depends upon our observance of them and
obedience to them; they will make us great if we make a right use of
them; and they are things which God will magnify and make honourable.
(2.) It is a great privilege to have the things of God's law written;
thus they are reduced to a greater certainty, spread the further, and
last the longer, with much less danger of being embezzled and corrupted
than if they were transmitted by word of mouth only.
(3.) The things of God's law are of his own writing; for Moses and the
prophets were his amanuenses, and holy men wrote as they were moved by
the Holy Ghost.
(4.) It is the advantage of those that are members of the visible
church that these great things are written <I>to them,</I> are intended
for their direction, and so they must receive them; what things were
written in former ages <I>were written for our learning,</I> and are
profitable for us. And, if those were happy who had the <I>great things
of God's law</I> written to them, how much happier are we who have the
gospel written to us! But see how this privilege was slighted; these
great things of the law were <I>counted as a strange thing,</I> as
unintelligible and unreasonable (which might <I>therefore</I> be
slighted, because not to be fathomed, not to be accounted for), or as
foreign, and things of no concernment to them, things that they had
nothing to do with nor were to be governed by; they used those things
as strangers, which they were shy of, and knew not how to bid welcome.
<I>We desire not the knowledge of thy ways.</I> Note,
[1.] God having written to us the great things of his law, we ought to
make them familiar to us, as our nearest relations
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Pr+7:3,4">Prov. vii. 3, 4</A>);
for <I>therefore</I> we have them written, that they may <I>talk with
us,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Pr+6:22">Prov. vi. 22</A>.
[2.] We make nothing of the things of God's law if we make strange of
them, as if they did not affect us and therefore we need not be
affected with them.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
2. How they kept up the form of godliness notwithstanding, and to what
little purpose they did so.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
(1.) They multiplied their altars
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:11"><I>v.</I> 11</A>):
<I>Ephraim made many altars to sin.</I> God appointed that there should
be but one altar for sacrifice
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=De+12:3,5">Deut. xii. 3, 5</A>);
but the ten tribes, having forsaken that, would still be thought very
devout, and zealous for the honour of God, and, as if they would make
amends for the affront they put on God's altar, they made <I>many
altars,</I> dedicated to the God of Israel, whom hereby they intended,
or at least pretended, to give glory to; but that would not justify
their violation of God's express command, nor would the example of the
patriarchs, who before the law of Moses had many altars. No, they
<I>made many altars to sin</I> (that is, they did that which turned
into sin to them), and therefore these <I>altars shall be unto</I> them
<I>to sin,</I> that is, God will charge it upon them as a heinous sin,
and put that upon the score of their crimes which they designed to be
for the expiation of their crimes. Or they shall be to them an occasion
of further sin. Their multiplying of altars dedicated to the God of
Israel would introduce altars dedicated to other gods. Note, It is a
great sin to corrupt the worship of God, and it will be charged as sin
upon those that do it, how plausible soever their pretensions may be.
And the way of this, as other sins, is down-hill; those that once
deviate from the fixed rule of God's commands will wander
endlessly.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
(2.) They multiplied their sacrifices,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:13"><I>v.</I> 13</A>.
Their altars were smoking altars: They <I>sacrificed flesh for the
sacrifices of God's offerings,</I> and they celebrated their feasts
upon their sacrifices; they were at a great expense upon their
devotions, and (as those commonly are who set up their own inventions
in the room of divine institutions) were very zealous in their way; as
if they hoped by their impositions on themselves to atone for the
contempt of the great atonement, and by their observing a ceremonial
law of their own to excuse themselves from the obligation of all God's
moral precepts. But how did they speed?
[1.] God makes no reckoning of their services: <I>The Lord accepts them
not.</I> How should he, when they did not offer their sacrifice upon
that altar which alone <I>sanctified the gift,</I> and when they only
sacrificed flesh, but not the spiritual sacrifice of a penitent
believing heart? Note, Those services only are acceptable to God which
are performed according to the rule of his word, and <I>through Jesus
Christ,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Pe+2:5">1 Pet. ii. 5</A>.
[2.] He takes that occasion to reckon with them for their sins; now
will he, instead of pardoning their iniquity and blotting out their
sins, as they expected, <I>remember their iniquity</I> and <I>visit
their sins.</I> Such an <I>abomination to the Lord</I> are the
<I>sacrifices of the wicked</I> that they provoke him to call them to
an account for all their other abominations. When they think by their
sacrifices to bribe the Judge of heaven and earth into a connivance at
their wickedness he will resent that as the highest affront they can
put upon him, and it shall be the measure-filling sin. Note, A petition
for leave to sin amounts to an imprecation of the curse for sin, and so
it shall be answered, <I>according to the multitude of the idols.</I>
"I will punish their sins, <I>for they shall return to Egypt;</I>" they
shall be carried captive into Assyria, which shall be to them a house
of bondage, as Egypt was to their fathers. Or it refers to
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=De+28:68">Deut. xxviii. 68</A>,
where returning to Egypt is made to close and complete the miseries of
that sinful nation.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
(3.) They multiplied their temples, and these also in honour of the
true God, as they pretended, but really in contempt of the choice he
had made of Jerusalem to <I>put his name there. Israel has forgotten
his Maker,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+8:14"><I>v.</I> 14</A>.
They pretended to know him, and yet forgot him, for they <I>liked not
to retain God in their knowledge,</I> when the remembrance of him would
give check to their lusts. It was an aggravation of their sin in
forgetting God that he was <I>their Maker</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=De+32:15,18,Job+35:10">Deut. xxxii. 15, 18; Job xxxv. 10</A>),
as nothing obliges us more to remember him than that he is <I>our
Creator,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ec+12:1">Eccl. xii. 1</A>.
"He has <I>forgotten his Maker, and builds temples;</I> he seems by the
temples he builds to me mindful of his Maker, and to be desirous still
to keep him in mind, and yet really he has forgotten him, because he
has cast off the fear of him." Some by temples here understand
<I>palaces,</I> for so the word sometimes signifies. "<I>He has
forgotten his Maker,</I> and yet is so secure and haughty that he sets
his judgments at defiance, as Nebuchadnezzar did when he said, <I>Is
not this great Babylon that I have built?</I>" Judah is likewise
charged with <I>multiplying fenced cities,</I> and trusting in them for
safety, when the judgments of God were abroad. To fortify their cities
in subjection and subordination to God was well enough; but to fortify
them in opposition to God, and without any regard to him or his
providence
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+22:11">Isa. xxii. 11</A>),
shows their hearts to be desperately <I>hardened through the
deceitfulness of sin.</I> But <I>none ever hardened his heart against
God and prospered,</I> nor shall they. <I>God will send a fire upon his
cities,</I> upon the cities both of Judah and Israel, not only the
head-cities of Jerusalem and Samaria, but all the other cities of those
two kingdoms, and it shall devour not only the cottages, but <I>the
palaces thereof;</I> though ever so strong, the fire shall master them;
though ever so stately and sumptuous, the fire shall not spare them.
This was fulfilled when all the cities of Israel were laid in ashes by
the king of Assyria, and all the cities of Judah by the king of
Babylon. The fires they both kindled were of his sending; and when he
judges he will overcome.</P>
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