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<center><h1>Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
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on the Whole Bible</h1>
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[<A HREF="MHC00000.HTM">Table of Contents</A>]<BR>
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Matthew Henry<BR><I>Commentary on the Whole Bible</I> (1708)
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<!-- (Begin Body) -->
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<CENTER>
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<BR><FONT SIZE=+3><B>F I R S T C H R O N I C L E S</B></FONT>
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<BR>
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<BR><FONT SIZE=+2>CHAP. XXIII.</FONT>
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<HR SIZE=1 WIDTH=50>
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<P>
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David, having given charge concerning the building of the temple, in
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this and the following chapters settles the method of the
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temple-service and puts into order the offices and officers of it. In
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the late irregular times, and during the wars in the beginning of his
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reign, we may suppose that, though the Levitical ordinances were kept
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up, yet it was not in the order, nor with the beauty and exactness,
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that were desirable. Now David, being a prophet, as well as a prince,
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by divine warrant and direction, "set in order the things that were
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wanting." In this chapter we are informed,
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I. He declared Solomon to be his successor,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:1">ver. 1</A>.
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II. He numbered the Levites, and appointed them to their respective
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offices,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:2-5">ver. 2-5</A>.
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III. He took an account of the several families of the Levites,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:6-23">ver. 6-23</A>.
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IV. He made a new reckoning of them from twenty years old, and
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appointed them their work,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:24-32">ver. 24-32</A>.
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And in this he prepared for the temple as truly as when he laid up gold
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and silver for it; for the place is of small account in comparison with
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the work.</P>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
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<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>The Numbering of the Levites.</I></FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 1015.</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
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<P>
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<FONT SIZE=+1>1 So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his
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son king over Israel.
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2 And he gathered together all the princes of Israel, with the
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priests and the Levites.
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3 Now the Levites were numbered from the age of thirty years
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and upward: and their number by their polls, man by man, was
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thirty and eight thousand.
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4 Of which, twenty and four thousand <I>were</I> to set forward the
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work of the house of the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>; and six thousand <I>were</I> officers
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and judges:
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5 Moreover four thousand <I>were</I> porters; and four thousand
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praised the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> with the instruments which I made, <I>said David,</I>
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to praise <I>therewith.</I>
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6 And David divided them into courses among the sons of Levi,
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<I>namely,</I> Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
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7 Of the Gershonites <I>were,</I> Laadan, and Shimei.
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8 The sons of Laadan; the chief <I>was</I> Jehiel, and Zetham, and
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Joel, three.
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9 The sons of Shimei; Shelomith, and Haziel, and Haran, three.
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These <I>were</I> the chief of the fathers of Laadan.
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10 And the sons of Shimei <I>were,</I> Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and
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Beriah. These four <I>were</I> the sons of Shimei.
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11 And Jahath was the chief, and Zizah the second: but Jeush
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and Beriah had not many sons; therefore they were in one
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reckoning, according to <I>their</I> father's house.
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12 The sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel, four.
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13 The sons of Amram; Aaron and Moses: and Aaron was separated,
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that he should sanctify the most holy things, he and his sons for
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ever, to burn incense before the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, to minister unto him, and
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to bless in his name for ever.
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14 Now <I>concerning</I> Moses the man of God, his sons were named
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of the tribe of Levi.
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15 The sons of Moses <I>were,</I> Gershom, and Eliezer.
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16 Of the sons of Gershom, Shebuel <I>was</I> the chief.
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17 And the sons of Eliezer <I>were,</I> Rehabiah the chief. And
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Eliezer had none other sons; but the sons of Rehabiah were very
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many.
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18 Of the sons of Izhar; Shelomith the chief.
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19 Of the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second,
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Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth.
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20 Of the sons of Uzziel; Michah the first, and Jesiah the
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second.
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21 The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. The sons of Mahli;
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Eleazar, and Kish.
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22 And Eleazar died, and had no sons, but daughters: and their
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brethren the sons of Kish took them.
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23 The sons of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jeremoth, three.
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</FONT></P>
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<P>
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Here we have,
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I. The crown entailed, according to the divine appointment,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:1"><I>v.</I> 1</A>.
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David made Solomon king, not to reign with him, or reign under him, but
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only to reign after him. This he did,
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1. When he was old and full of days. He was but seventy years old when
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he died, and yet he was full of days, <I>satur dierum--satisfied with
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living</I> in this world. When he found himself going off, he made
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provision for the welfare of the kingdom after his decease, and pleased
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himself with the hopeful prospect of a happy settlement both in church
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and state.
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2. He did it in parliament, in a solemn assembly of all the princes of
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Israel, which made Adonijah's attempt to break in upon Solomon's title
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and set it aside, notwithstanding this public recognition and
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establishment of it, the more impudent, impious, and ridiculous. Note,
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The settling or securing of the crown in the interests of the temple is
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a great blessing to the people and a great satisfaction to those who
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are themselves leaving the world.</P>
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<P>
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II. The Levites numbered, according to the rule in Moses's time, from
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thirty years old to fifty,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Nu+4:2,3">Num. iv. 2, 3</A>.
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Their number in Moses's time. by this rule, was 8580
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Nu+4:47,48">Num. iv. 47, 48</A>),
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but now it had increased above four-fold, much more in proportion than
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the rest of the tribes; for the serviceable men of Levi's tribe were
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now 38,000, unless we suppose that here those were reckoned who were
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above fifty, which was not the case there. Joab had not numbered the
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Levites
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+21:6"><I>ch.</I> xxi. 6</A>),
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but David now did, not in pride, but for a good purpose, and then he
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needed not fear wrath for it.</P>
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<P>
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III. The Levites distributed to their respective posts
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:4,5"><I>v.</I> 4, 5</A>),
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that every hand might be employed (for, of all men, an idle Levite
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makes the worst figure), and that every part of the work might be
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carefully done. Now it was for the honour of God that so great a
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number of servants attended his house and the business of it. Much of
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the state of great men consists in the greatness of their retinue. When
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God kept house in Israel see what a great household he had, and all
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well fed and well taught. But what were these to the attendants of his
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throne above, and the innumerable company of angels? It was the
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happiness of Israel that they had among them such a considerable body
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of men who were obliged by their office to promote and keep up religion
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among them. If the worship of God go to decay in Israel, let it not be
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said that it was for want of due provision for the support of it, but
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that those who should have done it were careless and false. The work
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assigned the Levites was four-fold:--
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1. Some, and indeed far the greater number, were to set forward the
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work of the house of the Lord: 24,000, almost two-thirds, were
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appointed for this service, to attend the priests in killing the
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sacrifices, flaying them, washing them, cutting them up, burning them,
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to have the meat-offerings and drink-offerings ready, to carry out
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dirt, and keep all the vessels and utensils of the temple clean, and
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every thing in its place, that the service might be performed both with
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expedition and with exactness. These served 1000 a-week, and so went
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round in twenty-four courses. Perhaps while the temple was in building
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some of these were employed to set forward that work, to assist the
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builders, at least to quicken them, and keep good order among them, and
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the decorum which became temple-work.
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2. Others were officers and judges, not in the affairs of the temple,
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and in the controversies that arose there (for there, we may suppose,
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the priests presided), but in the country. They were magistrates, to
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give the laws of God in charge, to resolves difficulties, and to
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determine controversies that arose upon them. Of these there were 6000,
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in the several parts of the kingdom, that assisted the princes and
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elders of every tribe in the administration of justice.
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3. Others were porters, to guard all the avenues of the house of God,
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to examine those that desired entrance, and to resist those that would
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force an entrance. These were the life-guards of the temple, and
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probably were armed accordingly.
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4. Others were singers and players on instruments, whose business it
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was to keep up that part of the service; this was a new-erected
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office.</P>
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<P>
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IV. The Levites mustered, and disposed of into their respective
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families and kindreds, that an account of them might the better be
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kept, and those that neglected their duty might be the more easily
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discovered, by calling over the roll, and obliging them to answer to
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their names, which each family might do for itself. When those of the
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same family were employed together it would engage them to love and
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assist one another. When Christ sent forth his disciples two and two he
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put together those that were brethren. Two families were here joined in
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one
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:11"><I>v.</I> 11</A>)
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because they had not many sons. Those that are weak and little,
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separately, may be put together and appear considerable. That which is
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most observable in this account of the families of the Levites is that
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the posterity of Moses (that great man) stood upon the level with
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common Levites, and had no dignities or privileges at all peculiar to
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them; whilst the posterity of Aaron were advanced to the priest's
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office, to <I>sanctify the most holy things,</I>
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:13"><I>v.</I> 13</A>.
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It is said indeed of the grandson of Moses, Rehabiah, that <I>his sons
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were highly multiplied,</I>
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:17"><I>v.</I> 17</A>,
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<I>margin.</I> When God proposed to him that, if he would let fall his
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intercession for Israel, he would make of him a great nation, he
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generously refused it, in recompence for which his family is here
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greatly increased, and makes up in number what it wants in figure, in
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the tribe of Levi. Now,
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1. The levelling of Moses' family with the rest is an evidence of his
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self-denial. Such an interest had he both with God and man that if he
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had aimed to raise his own family, to dignify and enrich that, he might
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easily have done so; but he was no self-seeking man, as appears from
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his leaving to his children no marks of distinction, which was a sign
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that he had the spirit of God and not the spirit of the world.
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2. The elevation of Aaron's family above the rest was a recompence for
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his self-denial. When Moses (his younger brother) was made a god to
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Pharaoh, and he only his prophet or spokesman, to observe his orders
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and do as he was bidden, Aaron never disputed it, nor insisted upon his
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seniority, but readily took the inferior post God put him in, submitted
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to Moses, and, upon occasion, called him <I>his lord;</I> and because
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he thus submitted himself, in his own person, to his junior, in
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compliance with the will of God, God highly exalted his family, even
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above that of Moses himself. Those that are content to stoop are in the
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fairest way to rise. Before honour is humility.</P>
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<A NAME="Sec2"> </A>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
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<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>The Office of the Levites.</I></FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 1015.</TD></TR>
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<P>
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<FONT SIZE=+1>24 These <I>were</I> the sons of Levi after the house of their
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fathers; <I>even</I> the chief of the fathers, as they were counted by
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number of names by their polls, that did the work for the service
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of the house of the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, from the age of twenty years and
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upward.
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25 For David said, The L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> God of Israel hath given rest unto
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his people, that they may dwell in Jerusalem for ever:
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26 And also unto the Levites; they shall no <I>more</I> carry the
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tabernacle, nor any vessels of it for the service thereof.
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27 For by the last words of David the Levites <I>were</I> numbered
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from twenty years old and above:
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28 Because their office <I>was</I> to wait on the sons of Aaron for
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the service of the house of the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, in the courts, and in the
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chambers, and in the purifying of all holy things, and the work
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of the service of the house of God;
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29 Both for the showbread, and for the fine flour for meat
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offering, and for the unleavened cakes, and for <I>that which is
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baked in</I> the pan, and for that which is fried, and for all
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manner of measure and size;
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30 And to stand every morning to thank and praise the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, and
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likewise at even;
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31 And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> in the
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sabbaths, in the new moons, and on the set feasts, by number,
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according to the order commanded unto them, continually before
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the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>:
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32 And that they should keep the charge of the tabernacle of
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the congregation, and the charge of the holy <I>place,</I> and the
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charge of the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the service of the
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house of the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>.
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</FONT></P>
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<P>
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Here is,
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I. An alteration made in the computation of the effective men of the
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Levites--that whereas, in Moses's time, they were not enlisted, or
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taken into service, till they were thirty-years old, nor admitted as
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probationers till twenty-five
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Nu+8:24">Num. viii. 24</A>),
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David ordered, by direction from God, that they should be numbered
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<I>for the service of the house of the Lord,</I> from the age of twenty
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years and upwards,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:24"><I>v.</I> 24</A>.
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This order he confirmed by his last words,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:27"><I>v.</I> 27</A>.
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When he put his last hand to the draught of this establishment he
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expressly appointed this to be done for ever after; yet not he; but the
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Lord.
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1. Perhaps the young Levites, having no work appointed them till
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twenty-five years old, had many of them got a habit of idleness, or
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grew addicted to their pleasures, which proved both a blemish to their
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reputation and a hindrance to their usefulness afterwards, to prevent
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which inconvenience they are set to work, and brought under discipline,
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at twenty-years old. Those that will be eminent must learn to take care
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and take care betimes.
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2. When the work of the Levites was to carry burdens, heavy burdens,
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the tabernacle and the furniture of it, God would not call any to it
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till they had come to their full strength; for he considers our frame,
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and, in service as well as sufferings, will lay no more upon us than we
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are able to bear. But now God had given rest to his people, and made
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Jerusalem his dwelling-place for ever, so that there was no more
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occasion to carry the tabernacle and the vessels thereof, the service
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was much easier, and what would not over-work them nor over-load them
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if they entered upon it at twenty-years old.
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3. Now the people of Israel were multiplied, and there was a more
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general resort to Jerusalem, and would be when the temple was built,
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than had ever been at Shiloh, or Nob, or Gibeon; it was therefore
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requisite there should be more hands employed in the temple-service,
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that every Israelite who brought an offering might find a Levite ready
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to assist him. When more work is to be done it is a pity but there
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should be more workmen fetched in for the doing of it. When the harvest
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is plenteous why should the labourers be few?</P>
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<P>
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II. A further account of the Levites' work. What the work of the
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priests was we are told
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:13"><I>v.</I> 13</A>):
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<I>To sanctify the most holy things, to burn incense before the
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Lord,</I> and to <I>bless in his name;</I> that work the Levites were
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not to meddle with, and yet they had work enough, and good work,
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|
according to that to which they were appointed,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:4,5"><I>v.</I> 4, 5</A>.
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1. Those of them that were to <I>set forward the work of the house of
|
|
God</I>
|
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:4"><I>v.</I> 4</A>)
|
|
|
|
were therein to <I>wait on the sons of Aaron</I>
|
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|
|
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:28"><I>v.</I> 28</A>),
|
|
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were to do the drudgery-work (if any work for God is to be called
|
|
<I>drudgery</I>) of the house of God, to keep the courts and chambers
|
|
clean, set things in their places, and have them ready when there was
|
|
occasion to use them. They were to prepare the show-bread which the
|
|
priests were to set on the table, to provide the flour and cakes for
|
|
the meat-offerings, that the priests might have every thing ready to
|
|
their hands.
|
|
|
|
2. Those of them that were judges and officers had an eye particularly
|
|
upon all <I>measure and size,</I>
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:29"><I>v.</I> 29</A>.
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|
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|
The standards of all weights and measures were kept in the sanctuary;
|
|
and the Levites had the care of them, to see that they were exact, and
|
|
to try other weights and measures by them when they were appealed to.
|
|
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3. The work of the singers was to <I>thank and praise the Lord</I>
|
|
|
|
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:30"><I>v.</I> 30</A>),
|
|
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|
at the offering of the morning and evening sacrifices, and other
|
|
oblations on the sabbaths, new moons, &c.,
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:31"><I>v.</I> 31</A>.
|
|
|
|
Moses appointed that they should blow with trumpets over their burnt
|
|
offerings and other sacrifices, and on their solemn days,
|
|
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|
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Nu+10:10">Num. x. 10</A>.
|
|
|
|
The sound of the trumpet was awful, and might be affecting to the
|
|
worshippers, but was not articulate, nor such a reasonable service as
|
|
this which David appointed, of singing psalms on those occasions. As
|
|
the Jewish church grew up from its infancy, it grew more and more
|
|
intelligent in its devotions, till it came at length, in the gospel, to
|
|
<I>put away childish things,</I>
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Co+13:11,Ga+4:3,9">1 Cor. xiii. 11; Gal. iv. 3, 9</A>.
|
|
|
|
4. The work of the porters
|
|
|
|
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:5"><I>v.</I> 5</A>)
|
|
|
|
was to keep <I>the charge of the tabernacle and of the holy place,</I>
|
|
that none might come nigh but such as were allowed, and those no nearer
|
|
than was allowed them,
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+23:32"><I>v.</I> 32</A>.
|
|
|
|
They were likewise to keep the charge of the sons of Aaron, to be at
|
|
their beck and go on their errands, who are yet called <I>their
|
|
brethren,</I> to be a memorandum to the priests that, though they were
|
|
advanced to a high station, yet they were <I>hewn out of the same
|
|
rock</I> with common Levites, and therefore must not lord it over them,
|
|
but in all instances treat them as brethren.</P>
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