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Matthew Henry<BR><I>Commentary on the Whole Bible</I> (1721)
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<BR><FONT SIZE=+3><B>P H I L I P P I A N S.</B></FONT>
<BR>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+2>CHAP. III.</FONT>
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<P>
He cautions them against judaizing seducers
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:1-3">ver. 1-3</A>)
and proposes his own example: and here he enumerates the privileges of
his Jewish state which he rejected
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:4-8">ver. 4-8</A>),
describes the matter of his own choice
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:9-16">ver. 9-16</A>),
and closes with an exhortation to beware of wicked men, and to follow
his example,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:17-21">ver. 17-21</A>.</P>
</FONT>
<A NAME="Php3_1"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_2"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_3"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec1"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>Description of True Christians.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT VALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE=-1>A. D.</FONT> 62.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
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<P>
<FONT SIZE=+1>1 Finally, my brethren, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same
things to you, to me indeed <I>is</I> not grievous, but for you <I>it
is</I> safe.
2 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the
concision.
3 For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the spirit,
and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh.
</FONT></P>
<P>
It seems the church of the Philippians, though a faithful and
flourishing church, was disturbed by the judaizing teachers, who
endeavoured to keep up the law of Moses, and mix the observances of it
with the doctrine of Christ and his institutions. He begins the chapter
with warnings against these seducers.</P>
<P>
I. He exhorts them to <I>rejoice in the Lord</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:1"><I>v.</I> 1</A>),
to rest satisfied in the interest they had in him and the benefit they
hoped for by him. It is the character and temper of sincere Christians
to rejoice in Christ Jesus. The more we take of the comfort of our
religion the more closely we shall cleave to it: the more we rejoice in
Christ the more willing we shall be to do and suffer for him, and the
less danger we shalt be in of being drawn away from him. The <I>joy of
the Lord is our strength,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ne+8:10">Neh. viii. 10</A>.</P>
<P>
II. He cautions them to take heed of those false teachers: <I>To write
the same thing to you to me indeed is not grievous, but for you it is
safe;</I> that is, the same things which I have already preached to
you; as if he had said, "What has been presented to your ears shall be
presented to your eyes: what I have spoken formerly shall now be
written; to show that I am still of the same mind." <I>To me indeed is
not grievous.</I> Observe,
1. Ministers must not think any thing grievous to themselves which they
have reason to believe is safe and edifying to the people.
2. It is good for us often to hear the same truths, to revive the
remembrance and strengthen the impression of things of importance. It
is a wanton curiosity to desire always to hear some new thing. It is a
needful caution he here gives: <I>Beware of dogs,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:2"><I>v.</I> 2</A>.
The prophet calls the false prophets dumb dogs
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+56:10">Isa. lxvi. 10</A>),
to which the apostle here seems to refer. <I>Dogs,</I> for their malice
against the faithful professors of the gospel of Christ, barking at
them and biting them. They cried up good works in opposition to the
faith of Christ; but Paul calls them evil workers: they boasted
themselves to be of the circumcision; but he calls them the concision:
they rent and tore the church of Christ, and cut it to pieces; or
contended for an abolished rite, a mere insignificant cutting of the
flesh.</P>
<P>
III. He describes true Christians, who are indeed the circumcision, the
spiritual circumcision, the peculiar of people of God, who are in
covenant with him, as the Old-Testament Israelites were: <I>We are the
circumcision, who worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ
Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh.</I> Here are three
characters:--
1. They worshipped in the spirit, in opposition to the carnal
ordinances of the Old-Testament, which consist in meats, and drinks,
and divers washings, &c. Christianity takes us off from these things,
and teaches us to be inward with God in all the duties of religious
worship. We must <I>worship God in spirit,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Joh+4:24">John iv. 24</A>.
The work of religion is to no purpose any further than the heart is
employed in it. <I>Whatsoever we do, we must do it heartily as unto
the Lord;</I> and we must worship God in the strength and grace of the
Divine Spirit, which is so peculiar to the gospel state, which is the
<I>ministration of the spirit,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=2Co+3:8">2 Cor. iii. 8</A>.
2. They <I>rejoice in Christ Jesus,</I> and not in the peculiar
privileges of the Jewish church, or what answers to them in the
Christian church--mere outward enjoyments and performances. They
rejoice in their relation to Christ and interest in him. God made it
the duty of the Israelites to rejoice before him in the courts of his
house; but now that the substance has come the shadows are done away,
and we are to rejoice in Christ Jesus only.
3. They have no <I>confidence in the flesh,</I> in those carnal
ordinances and outward performances. We must be taken off from trusting
in our own bottom, that we may build only on Jesus Christ, the
everlasting foundation. Our confidence, as well as our joy, is proper
to him.</P>
<A NAME="Php3_4"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_5"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_6"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_7"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_8"> </A>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>False Confidence Renounced.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT VALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE=-1>A. D.</FONT> 62.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<FONT SIZE=+1>4 Though I might also have confidence in the flesh. If any
other man thinketh that he hath whereof he might trust in the
flesh, I more:
5 Circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, <I>of</I> the
tribe of Benjamin, a hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law,
a Pharisee;
6 Concerning zeal, persecuting the church; touching the
righteousness which is in the law, blameless.
7 But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for
Christ.
8 Yea doubtless, and I count all things <I>but</I> loss for the
excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord: for whom I
have suffered the loss of all things, and do count them <I>but</I>
dung, that I may win Christ,
</FONT></P>
<P>
The apostle here proposes himself for an example of trusting in Christ
only, and not in his privileges as an Israelite.</P>
<P>
I. He shows what he had to boast of as a Jew and a Pharisee. Let none
think that the apostle despised these things (as men commonly do)
because he had them not himself to glory in. No, if he would have
gloried and trusted in the flesh, he had as much cause to do so as any
man: <I>If any other man thinketh that he hath whereof to trust in the
flesh, I more,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:4"><I>v.</I> 4</A>.
He had as much to boast of as any Jew of them all.
1. His birth-right privileges. He was not a proselyte, but a native
Israelite: <I>of the stock of Israel.</I> And he was <I>of the tribe of
Benjamin,</I> in which tribe the temple stood, and which adhered to
Judah when all the other tribes revolted. Benjamin was the father's
darling, and this was a favourite tribe. <I>A Hebrew of the
Hebrews,</I> an Israelite on both sides, by father and mother, and from
one generation to another; none of his ancestors had matched with
Gentiles.
2. He could boast of his relations to the church and the covenant, for
he was <I>circumcised the eighth day;</I> he had the token of God's
covenant in his flesh, and was circumcised the very day which God had
appointed.
3. For learning, he was a Pharisee, brought up at the feet of Gamaliel,
an eminent doctor of the law: and was a scholar learned in all the
learning of the Jews, taught according to the perfect manner of the
laws of the fathers,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ac+22:3">Acts xxii. 3</A>.
He was a <I>Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ac+23:6">Acts xxiii. 6</A>),
and <I>after the most strict sect of his religion lived a Pharisee,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ac+26:5">Acts xxvi. 5</A>.
4. He had a blameless conversation: <I>Toughing the righteousness which
is of the law, blameless:</I> as far as the Pharisees' exposition of
the law went, and as to the mere letter of the law and outward
observance of it, he could acquit himself from the breach of it and
could not be accused by any.
5. He had been an active man for his religion. As he made a strict
profession of it, under the title and character of a Pharisee, so he
persecuted those whom he looked upon as enemies to it. <I>Concerning
zeal, persecuting the church.</I>
6. He showed that he was in good earnest, though he had a zeal without
knowledge to direct and govern the exercise of it: <I>I was zealous
towards God, as you all are this day, and I persecuted this way unto
the death,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ac+22:3,4">Acts xxii. 3, 4</A>.
All this was enough to have made a proud Jew confident, and was stock
sufficient to set up with for his justification. But,</P>
<P>
II. The apostle tells us here how little account he made of these, in
comparison of his interest in Christ and his expectations from him:
<I>But what things were gain to me those have I counted loss for
Christ</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:7"><I>v.</I> 7</A>);
that is, those things which he had counted gain while he was a
Pharisee, and which he had before reckoned up, <I>these he counted loss
for Christ.</I> "I should have reckoned myself an unspeakable loser of,
to adhere to them, I had lost my interest in Jesus Christ." He counted
them loss; not only insufficient to enrich him, but what would
certainly impoverish and ruin him, if he trusted to them, in opposition
to Christ. Observe, The apostle did not persuade them to do any thing
but what he had himself did, to quit any thing but what he had himself
quitted, nor venture on any bottom but what he himself had ventured his
immortal soul upon.--<I>Yea doubtless, and I count all things but loss
for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:8"><I>v.</I> 8</A>.
Here the apostle explains himself.
1. He tells us what it was that he was ambitious of and reached after:
it was the knowledge of Christ Jesus his Lord, a believing experimental
acquaintance with Christ as Lord; not a merely notional and
speculative, but a practical and efficacious knowledge of him. So
knowledge is sometimes put for faith: <I>By his knowledge,</I> or the
knowledge of him, <I>shall my righteous servant justify many,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+53:11">Isa. liii. 11</A>.
And it is the excellency of knowledge. There is an abundant and
transcendent excellency in the doctrine of Christ, or the Christian
religion above all the knowledge of nature, and improvements of human
wisdom; for it is suited to the case of fallen sinners, and furnishes
them with all they need and all they can desire and hope for, with all
saving wisdom and saving grace.
2. He shows how he had quitted his privileges as a Jew and a Pharisee:
<I>Yea doubtless;</I> his expression rises with a holy triumph and
elevation, <B><I>alla men oun ge kai.</I></B> There are five particles
in the original: <I>But indeed even also do I count all things but
loss.</I> He had spoken before of <I>those things,</I> his Jewish
privileges: here he speaks of <I>all things,</I> all worldly enjoyments
and mere outward privileges whatsoever, things of a like kind or any
other kind which could stand in competition with Christ for the throne
in his heart, or pretend to merit and desert. There he had said that he
did count them but loss; but it might be asked, "Did he continue still
in the same mind, did he not repent his renouncing them?" No, now he
speaks in the present tense: <I>Yea doubtless, I do count them but
loss.</I> But it may be said, "It is easy to say so; but what would he
do when he came to the trial?" Why he tells us that he had himself
practised according to this estimate of the case: <I>For whom I have
suffered the loss of all things.</I> He had quitted all his honours and
advantages, as a Jew and a Pharisee, and submitted to all the disgrace
and suffering which attended the profession and preaching of the
gospel. When he embarked in the bottom of the Christian religion, he
ventured all in it, and suffered the loss of all for the privileges of
a Christian. Nay, he not only counted them loss, but dung,
<B><I>skybala</I></B>--<I>offals</I> thrown to dogs; they are not only
less valuable than Christ, but in the highest degree contemptible, when
they come in competition with him. Note, The New Testament never
speaks of saving grace in any terms of diminution, but on the contrary
represents it as the fruits of the divine Spirit and the image of God
in the soul of man; as a divine nature, and the seed of God: and faith
is called precious faith; and meekness is in the <I>sight of God of
great price,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Pe+3:4,2Pe+1:1">1 Pet. iii. 4; 2 Pet. i. 1</A>,
&c.</P>
<A NAME="Php3_9"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_10"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_11"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_12"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_13"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_14"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec3"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>The Apostle's Concern, Hope, and Aim.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT VALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE=-1>A. D.</FONT> 62.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<FONT SIZE=+1>9 And be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which
is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the
righteousness which is of God by faith:
10 That I may know him, and the power of his resurrection, and
the fellowship of his sufferings, being made conformable unto his
death;
11 If by any means I might attain unto the resurrection of the
dead.
12 Not as though I had already attained, either were already
perfect: but I follow after, if that I may apprehend that for
which also I am apprehended of Christ Jesus.
13 Brethren, I count not myself to have apprehended: but <I>this</I>
one thing <I>I do,</I> forgetting those things which are behind, and
reaching forth unto those things which are before,
14 I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of
God in Christ Jesus.
</FONT></P>
<P>
We now heard what the apostle renounced; let us now see what he laid
hold on, and resolved to cleave to, namely, Christ and heaven. He had
his heart on these two great peculiarities of the Christian
religion.</P>
<P>
I. The apostle had his heart upon Christ as his righteousness. This is
illustrated in several instances.
1. He desired to win Christ; and an unspeakable gainer he would reckon
himself if he had but an interest in Christ and his righteousness, and
if Christ became his Lord and his Saviour: <I>That I may win him;</I>
as the runner wins the prize, as the sailor makes the port he is bound
for. The expression intimates that we have need to strive for him and
after him, and that all is little enough to win him.
2. That he <I>might be found in him</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:9"><I>v.</I> 9</A>),
as the manslayer was found in the city of refuge, where he was safe
from the avenger of blood,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Nu+35:25">Num. xxxv. 25</A>.
Or it alludes to a judicial appearance; so we are to be found of our
Judge in peace,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=2Pe+3:14">2 Pet. iii. 14</A>.
We are undone without a righteousness wherein to appear before God, for
we are guilty. There is a righteousness provided for us in Jesus
Christ, and it is a complete and perfect righteousness. None can have
interest or benefit by it but those who come off from confidence in
themselves, and are brought heartily to believe in him. "<I>Not having
my own righteousness, which is of the law;</I> not thinking that my
outward observances and good deeds are able to atone for my bad ones,
or that by setting the one over against the other I can come to balance
accounts with God. No, the righteousness which I depend upon is that
<I>which is through the faith of Christ,</I> not a legal, but
evangelical righteousness: <I>The righteousness which is of God by
faith,</I> ordained and appointed of God." The Lord Jesus Christ is the
Lord our righteousness,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+45:24,Jer+23:6">Isa. xlv. 24; Jer. xxiii. 6</A>.
Had he not been God, he could not have been our righteousness; the
transcendent excellence of the divine nature put such a value upon, and
such a virtue into, his sufferings, that they became sufficient to
satisfy for the sins of the world, and to bring in a righteousness
which will be effectual to all that believe. Faith is the ordained
means of actual interest and saving benefit in all the purchase of his
blood. It is <I>by faith in his blood,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ro+3:25">Rom. iii. 25</A>.
3. That he might know Christ
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:10"><I>v.</I> 10</A>):
<I>That I may know him, and the power of his resurrection, and the
fellowship of his sufferings.</I> Faith is called knowledge,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+53:11">Isa. liii. 11</A>.
Knowing him here is believing in him: it is an experimental knowledge
of the <I>power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his
sufferings,</I> or feeling the transforming efficacy and virtue of
them. Observe, The apostle was as ambitious of being sanctified as he
was of being justified. He was as desirous to know the power of
Christ's death and resurrection killing sin in him, and raising him up
to newness of life, as he was to receive the benefit of Christ's death
and resurrection in his justification.
4. That he might be conformable unto him, and this also is meant of
his sanctification. We are then made conformable to his death when we
die to sin, as Christ died for sin, when we are crucified with Christ,
the flesh and affections of it mortified, and the <I>world is crucified
to us,</I> and <I>we to the world, by virtue of the cross of
Christ.</I> This is our conformity to his death.</P>
<P>
II. The apostle had his heart upon heaven as his happiness: <I>If by
any means I might attain to the resurrection of the dead,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:11"><I>v.</I> 11</A>.</P>
<P>
1. The happiness of heaven is here called the resurrection of the dead,
because, though the souls of the faithful, when they depart, are
immediately with Christ, yet their happiness will not be complete till
the general resurrection of the dead at the last day, when soul and
body shall be glorified together. <B><I>Anastasis</I></B> sometimes
signifies the future state. This the apostle had his eye upon; this he
would attain. There will be a resurrection of the unjust, who shall
arise to <I>shame and everlasting contempt;</I> and our care must be to
escape that: but the joyful and glorious resurrection of saints is
called <I>the resurrection,</I> <B><I>kat exochen</I></B>--<I>by
eminence,</I> because it is in virtue of Christ's resurrection, as
their head and first-fruits; whereas the wicked shall rise only by the
power of Christ, as their judge. To the saints it will be indeed a
resurrection, a return to bliss, and life, and glory; while the
resurrection of the wicked is a rising from the grave, but a return to
a second death. It is called the <I>resurrection of the just,</I> and
the <I>resurrection of life</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Joh+5:29">John v. 29</A>),
and they are <I>counted worthy to obtain that world and the
resurrection from the dead,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Lu+20:35">Luke xx. 35</A>.</P>
<P>
2. This joyful resurrection the apostle pressed towards. He was willing
to do any thing, or suffer any thing, that he might attain that
resurrection. The hope and prospect of it carried him with so much
courage and constancy through all the difficulties he met with in his
work. He speaks as if they were in danger of missing it, and coming
short of it. A holy fear of coming short is an excellent means of
perseverance. Observe, His care to be found in Christ was in order to
his attaining the resurrection of the dead. Paul himself did not hope
to attain it through his own merit and righteousness, but through the
merit and righteousness of Jesus Christ. "Let me be found in Christ,
that I may attain the resurrection of the dead, be found a believer in
him, and interested in him by faith," Observe,</P>
<P>
(1.) He looks upon himself to be in a state of imperfection and trial:
<I>Not as though I had already attained, or were already perfect,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:12"><I>v.</I> 12</A>.
Observe, The best men in the world will readily own their imperfection
in the present state. We have not yet attained, are not already
perfect; there is still much wanting in all our duties, and graces, and
comforts. If Paul had not attained to perfection (who had reached to so
high a pitch of holiness), much less have we. Again, <I>Brethren, I
count not myself to have apprehended</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:13"><I>v.</I> 13</A>),
<B><I>ou logizomai.</I></B> "I make this judgment of the case; I thus
reason with myself." Observe, Those who think they have grace enough
give proof that they have little enough, or rather that they have none
at all; because, wherever there is true grace, there is a desire of
more grace, and a pressing towards the perfection of grace.</P>
<P>
(2.) What the apostle's actings were under this conviction. Considering
that he had not already attained, and had not apprehended, he pressed
forward: "<I>I follow after</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:12"><I>v.</I> 12</A>),
<B><I>dioko</I></B>--<I>I pursue</I> with vigour, as one following
after the game. I endeavour to get more grace and do more good, and
never think I have done enough: <I>If that I may apprehend that for
which also I am apprehended of Christ Jesus.</I>" Observe,
[1.] Whence our grace comes--from our being apprehended of Christ
Jesus. It is not our laying hold of Christ first, but his laying hold
of us, which is our happiness and salvation. <I>We love him because he
first loved us,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Jo+4:19">1 John iv. 19</A>.
Not our keeping hold of Christ, but his keeping hold of us, is our
safety. We are <I>kept by his mighty power through faith unto
salvation,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Pe+1:5">1 Pet. i. 5</A>.
Observe,
[2.] What the happiness of heaven is: it is <I>to apprehend that for
which we are apprehended of Christ.</I> When Christ laid hold of us, it
was to bring us to heaven; and to apprehend that for which he
apprehended us is to attain the perfection of our bliss. He adds
further
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:13"><I>v.</I> 13</A>):
<I>This one thing I do</I> (this was his great care and concern),
<I>forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth to
those things which are before.</I> There is a sinful forgetting of past
sins and past mercies, which ought to be remembered for the exercise of
constant repentance and thankfulness to God. But Paul forgot the things
which were behind so as not to be content with present measures of
grace: he was still for having more and more. So he <I>reaches
forth,</I> <B><I>epekteinomenos</I></B>--<I>stretched</I> himself
forward, bearing towards his point: it is expressive of a vehement
concern.</P>
<P>
(3.) The apostle's aim in these actings: <I>I press towards the mark,
for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:14"><I>v.</I> 14</A>.
He pressed towards the mark. As he who runs a race never takes up short
of the end, but is still making forwards as fast as he can, so those
who have heaven in their eye must still be pressing forward to it in
holy desires and hopes, and constant endeavours and preparations. The
fitter we grow for heaven the faster we must press towards it. Heaven
is called here the mark, because it is that which every good Christian
has in his eye; as the archer has his eye fixed upon the mark he
designs to hit. <I>For the prize of the high calling.</I> Observe, A
Christian's calling is a high calling: it is from heaven, as its
original; and it is to heaven in its tendency. Heaven is the <I>prize
of the high calling;</I> <B><I>to brabeion</I></B>--<I>the prize</I> we
fight for, and run for, and wrestle for, what we aim at in all we do,
and what will reward all our pains. It is of great use in the Christian
course to keep our eye upon heaven. This is proper to give us measures
in all our service, and to quicken us every step we take; and it is of
God, from whom we are to expect it. <I>Eternal life is the gift of
God</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ro+6:23">Rom. vi. 23</A>),
but it is in Christ Jesus; through his hand it must come to us, as it
is procured for us by him. There is no getting to heaven as our home
but by Christ as our way.</P>
<A NAME="Php3_15"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_16"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec4"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>Warnings and Exhortations.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT VALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE=-1>A. D.</FONT> 62.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<FONT SIZE=+1>15 Let us therefore, as many as be perfect, be thus minded: and
if in any thing ye be otherwise minded, God shall reveal even
this unto you.
16 Nevertheless, whereto we have already attained, let us walk
by the same rule, let us mind the same thing.
</FONT></P>
<P>
The apostle, having proposed himself as an example, urges the
Philippians to follow it. Let the same mind be in us which was in
blessed Paul. We see here how he was minded; let us be like-minded, and
set our hearts upon Christ and heaven, as he did.
1. He shows that this was the thing wherein all good Christians were
agreed, to make Christ all in all, and set their hearts upon another
world. This is that whereto we have all attained. However good
Christians may differ in their sentiments about other things, this is
what they are agreed in, that Christ is a Christian's all, that to win
Christ and to be found in him involve our happiness both here and
hereafter. And therefore let us walk by the same rule, and mind the
same thing. Having made Christ our all, <I>to us to live must be
Christ.</I> Let us agree to press towards the mark, and make heaven our
end.
2. That this is a good reason why Christians who differ in smaller
matters should yet bear with one another, because they are agreed in
the main matter: "<I>If in any thing you be otherwise minded</I>--if
you differ from one another, and are not of the same judgment as to
meats and days, and other matters of the Jewish law--yet you must not
judge one another, while you all meet now in Christ as your centre, and
hope to meet shortly in heaven as your home. As for other matters of
difference, lay no great stress upon them, <I>God shall reveal even
this unto you.</I> Whatever it is wherein you differ, you must wait
till God give you a better understanding, which he will do in his due
time. In the mean time, <I>as far as you have attained,</I> you must go
together in the ways of God, join together in all the great things in
which you are agreed, and wait for further light in the minor things
wherein you differ."</P>
<A NAME="Php3_17"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_18"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_19"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_20"> </A>
<A NAME="Php3_21"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec5"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>The Apostle Urges His Own Example.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT VALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE=-1>A. D.</FONT> 62.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<FONT SIZE=+1>17 Brethren, be followers together of me, and mark them which
walk so as ye have us for an ensample.
18 (For many walk, of whom I have told you often, and now tell
you even weeping, <I>that they are</I> the enemies of the cross of
Christ:
19 Whose end <I>is</I> destruction, whose God <I>is their</I> belly, and
<I>whose</I> glory <I>is</I> in their shame, who mind earthly things.)
20 For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look
for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ:
21 Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned
like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he
is able even to subdue all things unto himself.
</FONT></P>
<P>
He closes the chapter with warnings and exhortations.</P>
<P>
I. He warns them against following the examples of seducers and evil
teachers
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:18,19"><I>v.</I> 18, 19</A>):
<I>Many walk, of whom I have told you often, and now tell you weeping,
that they are the enemies of the cross of Christ.</I> Observe,</P>
<P>
1. There are many called by Christ's name who are enemies to Christ's
cross, and the design and intention of it. Their walk is a surer
evidence what they are than their profession. By <I>their fruits you
shall know them,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Mt+7:20">Matt. vii. 20</A>.
The apostle warns people against such,
(1.) Very frequently: <I>I have told you often.</I> We so little heed
the warnings given us that we have need to have them repeated. <I>To
write the same things is safe,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:1"><I>v.</I> 1</A>.
(2.) Feelingly and affectionately: <I>I now tell you weeping.</I> Paul
was upon proper occasions a weeping preacher, as Jeremiah was a weeping
prophet. Observe, An old sermon may be preached with new affections;
what we say often we may say again, if we say it affectionately, and
are ourselves under the power of it.</P>
<P>
2. He gives us the characters of those who were the enemies of the
cross of Christ.
(1.) Whose God is their belly. They minded nothing but their sensual
appetites. A wretched idol it is, and a scandal for any, but especially
for Christians, to sacrifice the favour of God, the peace of their
conscience, and their eternal happiness to it. Gluttons and drunkards
make a god of their belly, and all their care is to please it and make
provision for it. The same observance which good people give to God
epicures give to their appetites. Of such he says, <I>They serve not
the Lord Jesus Christ, but their own bellies,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ro+16:18">Rom. xvi. 18</A>.
(2.) They glory in their shame. They not only sinned, but boasted of it
and gloried in that of which they ought to have been ashamed. Sin is
the sinner's shame, especially when it is gloried in. "They value
themselves for what is their blemish and reproach."
(3.) They mind earthly things. Christ came by his cross to <I>crucify
the world to us and us to the world;</I> and those who mind earthly
things act directly contrary to the cross of Christ, and this great
design of it. They relish earthly things, and have no relish of the
things which are spiritual and heavenly. They set their hearts and
affections on earthly things; they love them, and even dote upon them,
and have a confidence and complacency in them. He gives them this
character, to show how absurd it would be for Christians to follow the
example of such or be led away by them; and, to deter us all from so
doing, he reads their doom.
(4.) Whose end is destruction. Their way seems pleasant, but death and
hell are at the end of it. <I>What fruit had you then in those things
whereof you are now ashamed? For the end of those things is death,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ro+6:21">Rom. vi. 21</A>.
It is dangerous following them, though it is going down the stream;
for, if we choose their way, we have reason to fear their end. Perhaps
he alludes to the total destruction of the Jewish nation.</P>
<P>
II. He proposes himself and his brethren for an example, in opposition
to these evil examples: <I>Brethren, be followers together of me, and
mark those who walk as you have us for an example,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:17"><I>v.</I> 17</A>.
Mark them out for your pattern. He explains himself
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:20"><I>v.</I> 20</A>)
by their regard to Christ and heaven: <I>For our conversation is in
heaven.</I> Observe, Good Christians, even while they are here on
earth, have their conversation in heaven. Their <I>citizenship</I> is
there, <B><I>politeuma.</I></B> As if he had said, We stand related the
that world, and are citizens of the New Jerusalem. This world is not
our home, but that is. There our greatest privileges and concerns lie.
And, because our citizenship is there, our conversation is there; being
related to that world, we keep up a correspondence with it. The life of
a Christian is in heaven, where his head is, and his home is, and where
he hopes to be shortly; he <I>sets his affections upon things
above;</I> and where his heart is there will his conversation be. The
apostle had pressed them to follow him and other ministers of Christ:
"Why," might they say, "you are a company of poor, despised, persecuted
people, who make no figure, and pretend to no advantages in the world;
who will follow you?" "Nay," says he, "but our conversation is in
heaven. We have a near relation and a great pretension to the other
world, and are not so mean and despicable as we are represented." It is
good having fellowship with those who have fellowship with Christ, and
conversation with those whose conversation is in heaven.</P>
<P>
1. Because we look for the Saviour from heaven
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:20"><I>v.</I> 20</A>):
<I>Whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ.</I> He
is not here, he has ascended, he has entered within the veil for us;
and we expect his second coming thence, to gather in all the citizens
of that New Jerusalem to himself.</P>
<P>
2. Because at the second coming of Christ we expect to be happy and
glorified there. There is good reason to have our conversation in
heaven, not only because Christ is now there, but because we hope to be
there shortly: <I>Who shall change our vile bodies, that they may be
fashioned like unto his glorious body,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Php+3:21"><I>v.</I> 21</A>.
There is a glory reserved for the bodies of the saints, which they will
be instated in at the resurrection. The body is now at the best a
<I>vile body,</I> <B><I>to soma tes tapeinoseos hemon</I></B>--<I>the
body of our humiliation:</I> it has its rise and origin from the earth,
it is supported out of the earth, and is subject to many diseases and
to death at last. Besides, it is often the occasion and instrument of
much sin, which is called the <I>body of this death,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ro+7:24">Rom. vii. 24</A>.
Or it may be understood of its vileness when it lies in the grave; at
the resurrection it will be found a vile body, resolved into rottenness
and dust; the <I>dust will return to the earth as it was,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ec+12:7">Eccl. xii. 7</A>.
But it will be made a glorious body; and not only raised again to life,
but raised to great advantage. Observe,
(1.) The sample of this change, and that is, the glorious body of
Christ; when he was transfigured upon the mount, <I>his face did shine
as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Mt+17:2">Matt. xvii. 2</A>.
He went to heaven clothed with a body, that he might take possession of
the inheritance in our nature, and be not only the <I>first-born from
the dead,</I> but the <I>first-born</I> of the <I>children of the
resurrection.</I> We shall be <I>conformed to the image of his Son,
that he may be the first-born among many brethren,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ro+8:29">Rom. viii. 29</A>.
(2.) The power by which this change will be wrought: <I>According to
the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto
himself.</I> There is an efficacy of power, an <I>exceeding greatness
of power,</I> and the <I>working of mighty power,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Eph+1:19">Eph. i. 19</A>.
It is matter of comfort to us that he can subdue all things to himself,
and sooner or later will bring over all into his interest. And the
resurrection will be wrought by this power. <I>I will raise him up at
the last day,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Joh+6:44">John vi. 44</A>.
Let this confirm our faith of the resurrection, that we not only have
the scriptures, which assure us it shall be, but we <I>know the power
of God,</I> which can effect it,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Mt+22:29">Matt. xxii. 29</A>.
At Christ's resurrection was a glorious instance of the divine power,
and therefore <I>he is declared to be the Son of God with power, by the
resurrection from the dead</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ro+1:4">Rom. i. 4</A>),
so will our resurrection be: and his resurrection is a standing
evidence, as well as pattern, of ours. And then all the enemies of the
Redeemer's kingdom will be completely conquered. Not only he <I>who had
the power of death,</I> that is, <I>the devil</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Heb+2:14">Heb. ii. 14</A>),
but the <I>last enemy, shall be destroyed,</I> that is, <I>death,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Co+15:26">1 Cor. xv. 26</A>,
<I>shall be swallowed up in victory,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Co+15:54"><I>v.</I> 54</A>.</P>
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