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Matthew Henry<BR><I>Commentary on the Whole Bible</I> (1712)
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<BR><FONT SIZE=+3><B>I S A I A H.</B></FONT>
<BR>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+2>CHAP. XXXI.</FONT>
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<FONT SIZE=-1>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
This chapter is an abridgment of the foregoing chapter; the heads of it
are much the same. Here is,
I. A woe to those who, when the Assyrian army invaded them, trusted to
the Egyptians, and not to God, for succour,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:1-3">ver. 1-3</A>.
II. Assurance given of the care God would take of Jerusalem in that
time of danger and distress,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:4,5">ver. 4, 5</A>.
III. A call to repentance and reformation,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:6,7">ver. 6, 7</A>.
IV. A prediction of the fall of the Assyrian army, and the fright which
the Assyrian king should thereby be put into,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:8,9">ver. 8, 9</A>.</P>
</FONT>
<A NAME="Isa31_1"> </A>
<A NAME="Isa31_2"> </A>
<A NAME="Isa31_3"> </A>
<A NAME="Isa31_4"> </A>
<A NAME="Isa31_5"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec1"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>Confidence in Egypt Reproved.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 720.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<FONT SIZE=+1>1 Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on
horses, and trust in chariots, because <I>they are</I> many; and in
horsemen, because they are very strong; but they look not unto
the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>!
&nbsp; 2 Yet he also <I>is</I> wise, and will bring evil, and will not call
back his words: but will arise against the house of the
evildoers, and against the help of them that work iniquity.
&nbsp; 3 Now the Egyptians <I>are</I> men, and not God; and their horses
flesh, and not spirit. When the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> shall stretch out his hand,
both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall
down, and they all shall fail together.
&nbsp; 4 For thus hath the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> spoken unto me, Like as the lion and
the young lion roaring on his prey, when a multitude of shepherds
is called forth against him, <I>he</I> will not be afraid of their
voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them: so shall the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>
of hosts come down to fight for mount Zion, and for the hill
thereof.
&nbsp; 5 As birds flying, so will the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> of hosts defend Jerusalem;
defending also he will deliver <I>it; and</I> passing over he will
preserve it.
</FONT></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
This is the last of four chapters together that begin with woe; and
they are all woes to the sinners that were found among the professing
people of God, to the <I>drunkards of Ephraim</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+28:1"><I>ch.</I> xxviii. 1</A>),
to <I>Ariel</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+29:1"><I>ch.</I> xxix. 1</A>),
to the <I>rebellious children</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+30:1"><I>ch.</I> xxx. 1</A>),
and here to <I>those that go down to Egypt for help;</I> for men's
relation to the church will not secure them from divine woes if they
live in contempt of divine laws. Observe,</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
I. What the sin was that is here reproved,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:1"><I>v.</I> 1</A>.
1. Idolizing the Egyptians, and making court to them, as if happy were
the people that had the Egyptians for their friends and allies. They
<I>go down to Egypt for help</I> in every exigence, as if the
worshippers of false gods had a better interest in heaven and were more
likely to have success of earth than the servants of the living and
true God. That which invited them to Egypt was that the Egyptians had
many chariots to accommodate them with, and horses and horsemen that
were strong; and, if they could get a good body of forces thence into
their service, they would think themselves able to deal with the king
of Assyria and his numerous army. Their kings were forbidden to
multiply horses and chariots, and were told of the folly of trusting to
them
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+20:7">Ps. xx. 7</A>);
but they think themselves wiser than their Bible.
2. Slighting the God of Israel: <I>They look not to the Holy One of
Israel,</I> as if he were not worth taking notice of in this distress.
They advise not with him, seek not his favour, nor are in any care to
make him their friend.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
II. The gross absurdity and folly of this sin.
1. They neglected one whom, if they would not hope in him, they had
reason to fear. They do not seek the Lord, nor make their application
to him, <I>yet he also is wise,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:2"><I>v.</I> 2</A>.
They are solicitous to get the Egyptians into an alliance with them,
because they have the reputation of a politic people; and is not God
wise too? and would not infinite wisdom, engaged on their side, stand
them in more stead than all the policies of Egypt? They are at the
pains of going down to Egypt, a tedious journey, when they might have
had better advice, and better help, by looking up to heaven, and would
not. But, if they will not court God's wisdom to act for them, they
shall find it act against them. He is wise, too wise for them to
outwit, and he will bring evil upon those who thus affront him. He
will not call back his words as men do (because they are fickle and
foolish), but he <I>will arise against the house of the evil-doers,</I>
this cabal of them that go down to Egypt; God will appear to their
confusion, according to the word that he has spoken, and will oppose
the help they think to bring in from the workers of iniquity. Some
think the Egyptians made it one condition of their coming into an
alliance with him that they should worship the gods of Egypt, and they
consented to it, and therefore they are both called <I>evil-doers</I>
and <I>workers of iniquity.</I>
2. They trusted to those who were unable to help them and would soon
appear to be so,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:3"><I>v.</I> 3</A>.
Let them know that <I>the Egyptians,</I> whom they depend so much upon,
<I>are men and not God.</I> As it is good for men to <I>know themselves
to be but men</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+9:20">Ps. ix. 20</A>),
so it is good for us to consider that those we love and trust to are
but men. They therefore can do nothing without God, nothing against
him, nothing in comparison with him. They are men, and therefore fickle
and foolish, mutable and mortal, here to day and gone to morrow; they
are men, and therefore let us not make gods of them, by making them our
hope and confidence, and expecting that in them which is to be found in
God only; they are not God, they cannot do that for us which God can
do, and will, if we trust in him. Let us not then neglect him, to seek
to them; let us not forsake the rock of ages for broken reeds, nor the
fountain of living waters for broken cisterns. The Egyptians indeed
have horses that are very strong; but <I>they are flesh, and not
spirit,</I> and therefore, strong as they are, they may be wearied with
a long march, and become unserviceable, or be wounded and slain in
battle, and leave their riders to be ridden over. Every one knows this,
that the Egyptians are not God and their horses are not spirit; but
those that seek to them for help do not consider it, else they would
not put such confidence in them. Sinners may be convicted of folly by
the plainest and most self-evident truths, which they cannot deny, but
will not believe.
3. They would certainly be ruined with the Egyptians they trusted in,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:3"><I>v.</I> 3</A>.
<I>When the Lord</I> does but <I>stretch out his hand</I> how easily,
how effectually, will he make them ashamed of their confidence in
Egypt, and the Egyptians ashamed of the encouragement they gave them to
trust in them; for <I>he that helps and he that is helped shall fall
together,</I> and their mutual alliance shall prove their joint ruin.
The Egyptians were shortly to be reckoned with, as appears by the
<I>burden of Egypt</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+19:1-25"><I>ch.</I> xix.</A>),
and then those who fled to them for shelter and succour should fall
with them; for there is no escaping the judgments of God. <I>Evil
pursues sinners,</I> and it is just with God to make that creature a
scourge to us which we make an idol of.
4. They took God's work out of his hands. They pretended a great deal
of care to preserve Jerusalem, in advising to an alliance with Egypt;
and, when others would not fall in with their measures, they pleaded
self preservation, and went to Egypt themselves. Now the prophet here
tells them that Jerusalem should be preserved without aid from Egypt
and that those who tarried there should be safe when those who fled to
Egypt should be ruined. Jerusalem was under God's protection, and
therefore there was no occasion to put it under the protection of
Egypt. But a practical distrust of God's all-sufficiency is at the
bottom of all our sinful departures from him to the creature. The
prophet tells them he had it from God's own mouth: <I>Thus hath the
Lord spoken to me.</I> They might depend upon it,
(1.) That God would appear against Jerusalem's enemies with the
boldness of a <I>lion over his prey,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:4"><I>v.</I> 4</A>.
When the lion comes out to seize his prey <I>a multitude of shepherds
come out against him;</I> for it becomes neighbours to help one another
when persons or goods are in danger. These shepherds dare not come near
the lion; all they can do is to make a <I>noise,</I> and with that they
think to frighten him off. But does he regard it? <I>No: he will not
be afraid of their voice,</I> nor abase himself so far as to be in the
least moved by it either to quit his prey or to make any more haste
than otherwise he would do in seizing it. <I>Thus will the Lord of
hosts come down to fight for Mount Zion,</I> with such an unshaken
undaunted resolution not to be moved by any opposition; and he will as
easily and irresistibly destroy the Assyrian army as a lion tears a
lamb in pieces. Whoever appear against God, they are but like a
multitude of poor simple shepherds shouting at a lion, who scorns to
take notice of them or so much as to alter his pace for them. Surely
those that have such a protector need not go to Egypt for help.
(2.) That God would appear for Jerusalem's friends with the tenderness
of a bird over her young,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:5"><I>v.</I> 5</A>.
God was ready to <I>gather Jerusalem, as a hen gathers her brood under
her wings</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Mt+23:37">Matt. xxiii. 37</A>);
but those that trusted to the Egyptians would not be gathered. <I>As
birds flying</I> to their nests with all possible speed, when they see
them attacked, and fluttering about their nests with all possible
concern, hovering over their young ones to protect them and drive away
the assailants, with such compassion and affection <I>will the Lord of
hosts defend Jerusalem.</I> As an eagle stirs up her young when they
are in danger, <I>takes them and bears them on her wings,</I> so the
Lord led Israel out of Egypt
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=De+32:11,12">Deut. xxxii. 11, 12</A>);
and he has now the same tender concern for them that he had then, so
that they need not flee into Egypt again for shelter. <I>Defending, he
will deliver it;</I> he will so defend it as to secure the continuance
of its safety, not defend it for a while and abandon it at last, but
defend it so that it shall not fall into the enemies' hand. <I>I will
defend this city to save it,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+37:35"><I>ch.</I> xxxvii. 35</A>.
<I>Passing over he will preserve it;</I> the word for passing over is
used in this sense only here and
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ex+12:12,23,27">Exod. xii. 12, 23, 27</A>,
concerning the destroying angel's passing over the houses of the
Israelites when he slew all the first-born of the Egyptians, to which
story this passage refers. The Assyrian army was to be routed by a
destroying angel, who should pass over Jerusalem, though that deserved
to be destroyed, and draw his sword only against the besiegers. They
shall be slain by the pestilence, but none of the besieged shall take
the infection. Thus he will again pass over the houses of his people
and secure them.</P>
<A NAME="Isa31_6"> </A>
<A NAME="Isa31_7"> </A>
<A NAME="Isa31_8"> </A>
<A NAME="Isa31_9"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec2"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>A Call to Repentance; Deliverance of Jerusalem.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 720.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<FONT SIZE=+1>6 Turn ye unto <I>him from</I> whom the children of Israel have
deeply revolted.
&nbsp; 7 For in that day every man shall cast away his idols of
silver, and his idols of gold, which your own hands have made
unto you <I>for</I> a sin.
&nbsp; 8 Then shall the Assyrian fall with the sword, not of a mighty
man; and the sword, not of a mean man, shall devour him: but he
shall flee from the sword, and his young men shall be
discomfited.
&nbsp; 9 And he shall pass over to his strong hold for fear, and his
princes shall be afraid of the ensign, saith the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, whose fire
<I>is</I> in Zion, and his furnace in Jerusalem.
</FONT></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
This explains the foregoing promise of the deliverance of Jerusalem;
she shall be fitted for deliverance, and then it shall be wrought for
her; for in that method God delivers.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
I. Jerusalem shall be reformed, and so she shall be delivered from her
enemies within her walls,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:6,7"><I>v.</I> 6, 7</A>.
Here is,
1. A gracious call to repentance. This was the Lord's voice crying in
the city, the voice of the rod, the voice of the sword, and the voice
of the prophets interpreting the judgment: "<I>Turn you,</I> O turn you
now, from your evil ways, <I>unto God,</I> return to your allegiance to
him <I>from whom the children of Israel have deeply revolted,</I> from
whom you, <I>O children of Israel!</I> have revolted." He reminds them
of their birth and parentage, that they were <I>children of Israel,</I>
and therefore under the highest obligations imaginable to the God of
Israel, as an aggravation of their revolt from him and as an
encouragement to them to return to him. "They have been backsliding
children, yet children; therefore let them return, and their
backslidings shall be healed. They have deeply revolted, with great
address as they supposed (<I>the revolters are profound,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+5:2">Hos. v. 2</A>);
but the issue will prove that they have revolted dangerously. The stain
of their sins has gone deeply into their nature, not to be easily got
out, like the blackness of the Ethiopian. <I>They have deeply corrupted
themselves</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+9:9">Hos. ix. 9</A>);
they have sunk deep into misery, and cannot easily recover themselves;
therefore you have need to hasten your return to God."
2. A gracious promise of the good success of this call
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:7"><I>v.</I> 7</A>):
<I>In that day every man shall cast away his idols,</I> in obedience to
Hezekiah's orders, which, till they were alarmed by the Assyrian
invasion, many refused to do. That is a happy fright which frightens us
from our sins.
(1.) It shall be a general reformation: every man shall cast away his
own idols, shall begin with them before he undertakes to demolish other
people's idols, which there will be no need of when every man reforms
himself.
(2.) It shall be a thorough reformation; for they shall part with their
idolatry, their beloved sin, with their <I>idols of silver and
gold,</I> their idols that they are most fond of. Many make an idol of
their silver and gold, and by the love of that idol are drawn to revolt
from God; but those that turn to God cast that away out of their hearts
and will be ready to part with it when God calls.
(3.) It shall be a reformation upon a right principle, a principle of
piety, not of politics. They shall cast away their idols, because they
have been unto them <I>for a sin,</I> an occasion of sin; therefore
they will have nothing to do with them, though they had been the work
of their <I>own hands,</I> and upon that account they had a particular
fondness for them. Sin is the work of our own hands, but in working it
we have been working our own ruin, and therefore we must cast it away;
and those are strangely wedded to it who will not be prevailed upon to
cast it away when they see that otherwise they themselves will be
castaways. Some make this to be only a prediction that those who trust
in idols, when they find they stand them in no stead, will cast them
away in indignation. But it agrees so exactly with
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+30:22"><I>ch.</I> xxx. 22</A>
that I rather take it as a promise of a sincere reformation.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
II. Jerusalem's besiegers shall be routed, and so she shall be
delivered from the enemies about her walls. The former makes way for
this. If a people return to God, they may leave it to him to plead
their cause against their enemies. When they have cast away their
idols, <I>then shall the Assyrian fall,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+31:8,9"><I>v.</I> 8, 9</A>.
1. The army of the Assyrians shall be laid dead upon the spot <I>by the
sword, not of a mighty man, nor of a mean man,</I> not of any man at
all, either Israelite or Egyptian, not forcibly by the sword of a
mighty man nor surreptitiously by the sword of a mean man, but by the
sword of an angel, who strikes more strongly than a mighty man and yet
more secretly than a mean man, by the sword of the Lord, and his power
and wrath in the hand of the angel. Thus the young men of the army
shall melt, and be discomfited, and become tributaries to death. When
God has work to do against the enemies of his church we expect it must
be done by mighty men and mean men, officers and common soldiers;
whereas God can, if he please, do it without either. <I>He</I> needs
not armies of men who has legions of angels at command,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Mt+26:53">Matt. xxvi. 53</A>.
2. The king of Assyria shall flee for the same, shall flee from that
invisible sword, hoping to get out of the reach of it; and he shall
make the best of his way to his own dominions, shall pass over to some
strong-hold of his own, for fear lest the Jews should pursue him now
that his army was routed. Sennacherib had been very confident that he
should make himself master of Jerusalem, and in the most insolent
manner had set both God and Hezekiah at defiance; yet now he is made to
tremble for fear of both. God can strike a terror into the proudest of
men, and make the stoutest heart to tremble. See
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+18:11,20:24">Job xviii. 11; xx. 24</A>.
<I>His princes</I> that accompany him <I>shall be afraid of the
ensign,</I> shall be in a continual fright at the remembrance of the
ensign in the air, which perhaps the destroying angel displayed before
he gave the fatal bow. Or they shall be afraid of every ensign they
see, suspecting it is a party of the Jews pursuing them. The banner
that God displays for the encouragement of his people
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+60:4">Ps. lx. 4</A>)
will be a terror to his and their enemies. Thus he <I>cuts off the
spirit of princes and is terrible to the kings of the earth.</I> But
who will do this? It is <I>the Lord, whose fire is in Zion and his
furnace in Jerusalem.</I>
(1.) Whose residence is there, and who there keeps house, as a man does
where his fire and his oven are. It is the city of the great King, and
let not the Assyrians think to turn him out of the possession of his
own house.
(2.) Who is there a consuming fire to all his enemies and will make
them as a fiery oven in the day of his wrath,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+21:9">Ps. xxi. 9</A>.
He is himself <I>a wall of fire round about Jerusalem,</I> so that
whoever assaults her does so at his peril,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Zec+2:5,Re+11:5">Zech. ii. 5; Rev. xi. 5</A>.
(3.) Who has his altar there, on which the holy fire is continually
kept burning and sacrifices are daily offered to his honour, and with
which he is well pleased; and therefore he will defend this city,
especially having an eye to the great sacrifice which was there also to
be offered, of which all the sacrifices were types. If we keep up the
fire of holy love and devotion in our hearts and houses, we may depend
upon God to be a protection to us and them.</P>
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