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<TITLE>Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary on the Whole Bible [First Chronicles, Chapter X].</TITLE>
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"This site is for those friends and family members who may or may not know Our Lord Jesus Christ, and if not, they may come to know Our Lord through His Prophets."> <meta name="author" content="Brian Duncalfe">
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<center><h1>Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
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on the Whole Bible</h1>
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<h3><a href="http://www.biblesnet.com" target="_blank">Back to Biblesnet.com Home Page</a>
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[<A HREF="MHC00000.HTM">Table of Contents</A>]<BR>
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<TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">
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Matthew Henry<BR><I>Commentary on the Whole Bible</I> (1708)
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<!-- (Begin Body) -->
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<CENTER>
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<BR><FONT SIZE=+3><B>F I R S T C H R O N I C L E S</B></FONT>
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<BR>
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<BR><FONT SIZE=+2>CHAP. X.</FONT>
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<P>
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The design of Ezra, in these books of the Chronicles, was to preserve
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the records of the house of David, which, though much sunk and lessened
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in a common eye by the captivity, yet grew more and more illustrious in
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the eyes of those that lived by faith by the nearer approach of the Son
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of David. And therefore he repeats, not the history of Saul's reign,
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but only of his death, by which way was made for David to the throne.
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In this chapter we have,
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I. The fatal rout which the Philistines gave to Saul's army, and the
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fatal stroke which he gave himself,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+10:1-7">ver. 1-7</A>.
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II. The Philistines' triumph therein,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+10:8-10">ver. 8-10</A>.
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III. The respect which the men of Jabesh-Gilead showed the royal corpse,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+10:11,12">ver. 11, 12</A>.
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IV. The reason of Saul's rejection,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+10:13,14">ver. 13, 14</A>.</P>
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</FONT>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_1"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_2"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_3"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_4"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_5"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_6"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_7"> </A>
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<A NAME="Sec1"> </A>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
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<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>The Death of Saul.</I></FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 1400.</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P>
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<FONT SIZE=+1>1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of
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Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in
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mount Gilboa.
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2 And the Philistines followed hard after Saul, and after his
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sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and
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Malchishua, the sons of Saul.
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3 And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit
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him, and he was wounded of the archers.
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4 Then said Saul to his armourbearer, Draw thy sword, and
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thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and
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abuse me. But his armourbearer would not; for he was sore afraid.
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So Saul took a sword, and fell upon it.
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5 And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell
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likewise on the sword, and died.
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6 So Saul died, and his three sons, and all his house died
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together.
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7 And when all the men of Israel that <I>were</I> in the valley saw
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that they fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, then they
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forsook their cities, and fled: and the Philistines came and
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dwelt in them.
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</FONT></P>
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<P>
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This account of Saul's death is the same with that which we had,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Sa+31:1-13">1 Sam. xxxi. 1</A>,
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&c. We need not repeat the exposition of it. Only let us observe,
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1. Princes sin and the people suffer for it. It was a bad time with
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Israel when they <I>fled before the Philistines</I> and <I>fell down
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slain</I>
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+10:1"><I>v.</I> 1</A>),
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when they quitted their cities, and <I>the Philistines came and dwelt
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in them,</I>
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+10:7"><I>v.</I> 7</A>.
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We do not find that they were at this time guilty of idolatry, as they
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had been before, in the days of the judges, and were afterwards, in the
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days of the kings. Samuel had reformed them, and they were reformed:
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and yet they are thus <I>given to the spoil and to the robbers.</I> No
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doubt there was enough in them to deserve this judgment; but that which
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divine Justice had chiefly an eye to was the sin of Saul. Note, Princes
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and great men should in a special manner take heed of provoking God's
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wrath; for, if they kindle that fire, they know not how many may be
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consumed by it for their sakes.
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2. Parents sin and the children suffer for it. When the measure of
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Saul's iniquity was full, and his day came to fall (which David
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foresaw,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Sa+26:10">1 Sam. xxvi. 10</A>),
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he not only descended into battle and perished himself, but his sons
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(all but Ishbosheth) perished with him, and Jonathan among the rest,
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that gracious, generous man; for <I>all things come alike to all.</I>
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Thus was the iniquity of the fathers visited upon the children, and
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they fell as parts of the condemned father. Note, Those that love their
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seed must leave their sins, lest they perish not alone in their
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iniquity, but bring ruin on their families with themselves, or entail a
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curse upon them when they are gone.
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3. Sinners sin and at length suffer for it themselves, though they be
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long reprieved; for, although sentence be not executed speedily, it
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will be executed. It was so upon Saul; and the manner of his fall was
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such as, in various particulars, answered to his sin.
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(1.) He had thrown a javelin more than once at David, and missed him;
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but the archers hit him, and he was wounded of the archers.
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(2.) He had commanded Doeg to slay the priests of the Lord; and now, in
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despair, he commands his armour-bearer to <I>draw his sword and thrust
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him through.</I>
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(3.) He had disobeyed the command of God in not destroying the
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Amalekites, and his armour-bearer disobeys him in not destroying him.
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(4.) He that was the murderer of the priests is justly left to himself
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to be his own murderer; and his family is cut off who cut off the city
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of the priests. See, and say, <I>The Lord is righteous.</I></P>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_8"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_9"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_10"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_11"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_12"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_13"> </A>
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<A NAME="1Ch10_14"> </A>
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<P>
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<FONT SIZE=+1>8 And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came
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to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen in
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mount Gilboa.
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9 And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his
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armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to
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carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people.
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10 And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and
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fastened his head in the temple of Dagon.
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11 And when all Jabesh-gilead heard all that the Philistines had
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done to Saul,
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12 They arose, all the valiant men, and took away the body of
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Saul, and the bodies of his sons, and brought them to Jabesh, and
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buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh, and fasted seven
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days.
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13 So Saul died for his transgression which he committed
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against the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, <I>even</I> against the word of the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, which he
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kept not, and also for asking <I>counsel</I> of <I>one that had</I> a
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familiar spirit, to enquire <I>of it;</I>
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14 And enquired not of the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>: therefore he slew him, and
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turned the kingdom unto David the son of Jesse.
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</FONT></P>
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<P>
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Here,
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I. From the triumph of the Philistines over the body of Saul we may
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learn,
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1. That the greater dignity men are advanced to the greater disgrace
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they are in danger of falling into. Saul's dead body, because he was
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king, was abused more than any other of the slain. Advancement makes
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men a mark for malice.
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2. That, if we give not to God the glory of our successes, even the
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Philistines will rise up in judgment against us and condemn us; for,
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when they had obtained a victory over Saul, they <I>sent tidings to
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their idols</I>--poor idols, that knew not what was done a few miles
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off till the tidings were brought to them, nor then either! They also
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put Saul's armour <I>in the house of their gods,</I>
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+10:10"><I>v.</I> 10</A>.
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Shall Dagon have so honourable a share in their triumphs and the true
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and living God be forgotten in ours?</P>
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<P>
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II. From the triumph of the men of Jabesh-Gilead in the rescue of the
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bodies of Saul and his sons we learn that there is a respect due to the
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remains of the deceased, especially of deceased princes. We are not to
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enquire concerning the eternal state; that must be left to God: but we
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must treat the dead body as those who remember it has been united to an
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immortal soul and must be so again.</P>
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<P>
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III. From the triumphs of divine Justice in the ruin of Saul we may
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learn,
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1. That the sin of sinners will certainly find them out, sooner or
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later: <I>Saul died for his transgression.</I>
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2. That no man's greatness can exempt him from the judgments of God.
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3. Disobedience is a killing thing. Saul died for <I>not keeping the
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word of the Lord,</I> by which he was ordered to destroy the
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Amalekites.
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4. Consulting with witches is a sin that fills the measure of iniquity
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as soon as any thing. Saul enquired of one that <I>had a familiar
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spirit,</I> and <I>enquired not of the Lord, therefore he slew him,</I>
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Ch+10:13,14"><I>v.</I> 13, 14</A>.
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Saul slew himself, and yet it is said, <I>God slew him.</I> What is
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done by wicked hands is yet done <I>by the determinate counsel and
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foreknowledge of God.</I> Those that abandon themselves to the devil
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shall be abandoned to him; so shall their doom be. It is said
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Sa+28:6">1 Sam. xxviii. 6</A>)
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that Saul did <I>enquire of the Lord</I> and he <I>answered him
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not:</I> but here it is said, <I>Saul did not enquire of God;</I> for
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he did not till he was brought to the last extremity, and then it was
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too late.</P>
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<!-- (End Body) -->
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[<A HREF="MHC00000.HTM">Table of Contents</A>]<BR>
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Matthew Henry<BR><I>Commentary on the Whole Bible</I> (1708)
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