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459 lines
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<TITLE>Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary on the Whole Bible [Leviticus, Chapter I].</TITLE>
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"This site is for those friends and family members who may or may not know Our Lord Jesus Christ, and if not, they may come to know Our Lord through His Prophets."> <meta name="author" content="Brian Duncalfe">
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<center><h1>Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
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on the Whole Bible</h1></center>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
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[<A HREF="MHC00000.HTM">Table of Contents</A>]<BR>
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[<A HREF="MHC03000.HTM">Previous</A>]
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[<A HREF="MHC03002.HTM">Next</A>]<BR>
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<TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">
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Matthew Henry<BR><I>Commentary on the Whole Bible</I> (1706)
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</TD></TR></TABLE>
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<!-- (Begin Body) -->
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<CENTER>
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<BR><FONT SIZE=+3><B>L E V I T C U S</B></FONT>
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<BR>
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<BR><FONT SIZE=+2>CHAP. I.</FONT>
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<HR SIZE=1 WIDTH=50>
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</CENTER>
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<FONT SIZE=-1>
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<P>
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This book begins with the laws concerning sacrifices, of which the most
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ancient were the burnt-offerings, about which God gives Moses
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instructions in this chapter. Orders are here given how that sort of
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sacrifice must be managed.
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I. If it was a bullock out of the herd,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Le+1:3-9">ver. 3-9</A>.
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II. If it was a sheep or goat, a lamb or kid, out of the flock,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Le+1:10-13">ver. 10-13</A>.
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III. If it was a turtle-dove or a young pigeon,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Le+1:14-17">ver. 14-17</A>.
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And whether the offering was more or less valuable in itself, if it was
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offered with an upright heart, according to these laws, it was accepted
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of God.</P>
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</FONT>
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<A NAME="Le1_1"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_2"> </A>
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<A NAME="Sec1"> </A>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
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<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>The Law Concerning Offerings.</I></FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 1490.</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P>
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<FONT SIZE=+1>1 And the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> called unto Moses, and spake unto him out of the
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tabernacle of the congregation, saying,
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2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any
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man of you bring an offering unto the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, ye shall bring your
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offering of the cattle, <I>even</I> of the herd, and of the flock.
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</FONT></P>
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<P>
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Observe here,
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1. It is taken for granted that people would be inclined to bring
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offerings to the Lord. The very light of nature directs man, some way
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or other, to do honour to his Maker, and pay him homage as his Lord.
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Revealed religion supposes natural religion to be an ancient and early
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institution, since the fall had directed men to glorify God by
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sacrifice, which was an implicit acknowledgment of their having
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received all from God as creatures, and their having forfeited all to
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him as sinners. A conscience thoroughly convinced of dependence and
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guilt would be willing to come before God with <I>thousands of
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rams,</I>
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Mic+6:6,7">Mic. vi. 6, 7</A>.
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2. Provision is made that men should not indulge their own fancies, nor
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become vain in their imaginations and inventions about their
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sacrifices, lest, while they pretended to honour God, they should
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really dishonour him, and do that which was unworthy of him. Every
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thing therefore is directed to be done with due decorum, by a certain
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rule, and so as that the sacrifices might be most significant both of
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the great sacrifice of atonement which Christ was to offer in the
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fulness of time and of the spiritual sacrifices of acknowledgment which
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believers should offer daily.
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3. God gave those laws to Israel by Moses; nothing is more frequently
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repeated than this, <I>The Lord spoke unto Moses, saying, Speak unto
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the children of Israel.</I> God could have spoken it to the children of
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Israel himself, as he did the ten commandments; but he chose to deliver
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it to them by Moses, because they had desired he would no more speak to
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them himself, and he had designed that Moses should, above all the
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prophets, be a type of Christ, by whom God would in these last days
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speak to us,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Heb+1:2">Heb. i. 2</A>.
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By other prophets God sent messages to his people, but by Moses he gave
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them laws; and therefore he was fit to typify him to whom the Father
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has given all judgment. And, besides, the treasure of divine revelation
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was always to be put into earthen vessels, that our faith might be
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tried, and that the excellency of the power might be of God.
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4. God spoke to him out of the tabernacle. As soon as ever the
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shechinah had taken possession of its new habitation, in token of the
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acceptance of what was done, God talked with Moses from the mercy-seat,
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while he attended without the veil, or rather at the door, hearing a
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voice only; and it is probable that he wrote what he heard at that
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time, to prevent any mistake, or a slip of memory, in the rehearsal of
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it. The tabernacle was set up to be a place of communion between God
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and Israel; there, where they performed their services to God, God
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revealed his will to them. Thus, by the word and by prayer, we now have
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fellowship with the Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ac+6:4">Acts vi. 4</A>.
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When we speak to God we must desire to hear from him, and reckon it a
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great favour that he is pleased to speak to us. The Lord called to
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Moses, not to come near (under that dispensation, even Moses must keep
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his distance), but to attend and hearken to what should be said. A
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letter less than ordinary in the Hebrew word for <I>called,</I> the
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Jewish critics tell us, intimates that God spoke in a still small
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voice. The moral law was given with terror from a burning mountain in
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thunder and lightning; but the remedial law of sacrifice was given more
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gently from a mercy-seat, because that was typical of the grace of the
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gospel, which is the ministration of life and peace.</P>
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<A NAME="Le1_3"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_4"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_5"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_6"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_7"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_8"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_9"> </A>
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<A NAME="Sec2"> </A>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
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<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>Law of the Burnt-Offering.</I></FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 1490.</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P>
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<FONT SIZE=+1>3 If his offering <I>be</I> a burnt sacrifice of the herd, let him
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offer a male without blemish: he shall offer it of his own
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voluntary will at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation
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before the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>.
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4 And he shall put his hand upon the head of the burnt
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offering; and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for
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him.
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5 And he shall kill the bullock before the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>: and the
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priests, Aaron's sons, shall bring the blood, and sprinkle the
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blood round about upon the altar that <I>is by</I> the door of the
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tabernacle of the congregation.
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6 And he shall flay the burnt offering, and cut it into his
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pieces.
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7 And the sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire upon the
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altar, and lay the wood in order upon the fire:
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8 And the priests, Aaron's sons, shall lay the parts, the head,
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and the fat, in order upon the wood that <I>is</I> on the fire which
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<I>is</I> upon the altar:
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9 But his inwards and his legs shall he wash in water: and the
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priest shall burn all on the altar, <I>to be</I> a burnt sacrifice, an
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offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>.
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</FONT></P>
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<P>
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If a man were rich and could afford it, it is supposed that he would
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bring his burnt-sacrifice, with which he designed to honour God, out of
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his herd of larger cattle. He that considers that God is the best that
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is will resolve to give him the best he has, else he gives him not the
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glory due unto his name. Now if a man determined to kill a bullock, not
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for an entertainment for his family and friends, but for a sacrifice to
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his God, these rules must be religiously observed:--
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1. The beast to be offered must be a male, and without blemish, and the
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best he had in his pasture. Being designed purely for the honour of him
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that is infinitely perfect, it ought to be the most perfect in its
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kind. This signified the complete strength and purity that were in
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Christ the dying sacrifice, and the sincerity of heart and
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unblamableness of life that should be in Christians, who are presented
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to God as living sacrifices. But, literally, in Christ Jesus there is
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neither male nor female; nor is any natural blemish in the body a bar
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to our acceptance with God, but only the moral defects and deformities
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introduced by sin into the soul.
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2. The owner must offer it voluntarily. What is done in religion, so as
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to please God, must be done by no other constraint than that of love.
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God accepts the willing people and the cheerful giver. Ainsworth and
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others read it, not as the principle, but as the end of offering: "Let
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him offer it <I>for his favourable acceptation before the Lord.</I> Let
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him propose this to himself as his end in bringing his sacrifice, and
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let his eye be fixed steadily upon that end--that he may be accepted of
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the Lord." Those only shall find acceptance who sincerely desire and
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design it in all their religious services,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=2Co+5:9">2 Cor. v. 9</A>.
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3. It must be offered at the door of the tabernacle, where the brazen
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altar of burnt-offerings stood, which sanctified the gift, and not
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elsewhere. He must offer it at the door, as one unworthy to enter, and
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acknowledging that there is no admission for a sinner into covenant and
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communion with God, but by sacrifice; but he must offer it at the
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tabernacle of the congregation, in token of his communion with the
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whole church of Israel even in this personal service.
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4. The offerer must put his hand upon the head of his offering,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Le+1:4"><I>v.</I> 4</A>.
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"He must put both his hands," say the Jewish doctors, "with all his
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might, between the horns of the beast," signifying thereby,
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(1.) The transfer of all his right to, and interest in, the beast, to
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God, actually, and by a manual delivery, resigning it to his service.
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(2.) An acknowledgment that he deserved to die, and would have been
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willing to die if God had required it, for the serving of his honour,
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and the obtaining of his favour.
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(3.) A dependence upon the sacrifice, as an instituted type of the
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great sacrifice on which the iniquity of us all was to be laid. The
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mystical signification of the sacrifices, and especially this rite,
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some think the apostle means by the doctrine of <I>laying on of
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hands</I>
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Heb+6:2">Heb. vi. 2</A>),
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which typified evangelical faith. The offerer's putting his hand on the
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head of the offering was to signify his desire and hope that it might
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<I>be accepted from him to make atonement for him.</I> Though the
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burnt-offerings had not respect to any particular sin, as the
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sin-offering had, yet they were to make atonement for sin in general;
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and he that laid his hand on the head of a burnt-offering was to
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confess that <I>he had left undone what he ought to have done and had
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done that which he ought not to have done,</I> and to pray that, though
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he deserved to die himself, the death of his sacrifice might be
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accepted for the expiating of his guilt.
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5. The sacrifice was to be killed by the priests of Levites, before the
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Lord, that is, in a devout religious manner, and with an eye to God and
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his honour. This signified that our Lord Jesus was to make his soul, or
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life, an offering for sin. Messiah the prince must be cut off as a
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sacrifice, <I>but not for himself,</I>
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Da+9:26">Dan. ix. 26</A>.
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It signified also that in Christians, who are living sacrifices, the
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brutal part must be mortified or killed, the flesh crucified with its
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corrupt affections and lusts and all the appetites of the mere animal
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life.
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6. The priests were to <I>sprinkle the blood upon the altar</I>
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Le+1:5"><I>v.</I> 5</A>);
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for, the blood being the life, it was this that made atonement for the
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soul. This signified the direct and actual regard which our Lord Jesus
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had to the satisfaction of his Father's justice, and the securing of
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his injured honour, in the shedding of his blood; <I>he offered himself
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without spot to God.</I> It also signified the pacifying and purifying
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of our consciences by the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ upon
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them by faith,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Pe+1:2,Heb+10:22">1 Pet. i. 2; Heb. x. 22</A>.
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7. The beast was to be flayed and decently cut up, and divided into its
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several joints or pieces, according to the art of the butcher; and then
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all the pieces, with the head and the fat (the legs and inwards being
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first washed), were to be burnt together upon the altar,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Le+1:6-9"><I>v.</I> 6-9</A>.
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"<I>But to what purpose,</I>" would some say, "<I>was this waste?</I>
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Why should all this good meat, which might have been given to the poor,
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and have served their hungry families for food a great while, be burnt
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together to ashes?" So was the will of God; and it is not for us to
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object or to find fault with it. When it was burnt for the honour of
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God, in obedience to his command, and to signify spiritual blessings,
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it was really better bestowed, and better answered the end of its
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creation, than when it was used as food for man. We must never reckon
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that lost which is laid out for God. The burning of the sacrifice
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signified the sharp sufferings of Christ, and the devout affections
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with which, as a holy fire, Christians must offer up themselves their
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whole spirit, soul, and body, unto God.
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8. This is said to be <I>an offering of a sweet savour,</I> or
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<I>savour of rest, unto the Lord.</I> The burning of flesh is unsavoury
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in itself; but this, as an act of obedience to a divine command, and a
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type of Christ, was well pleasing to God: he was reconciled to the
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offerer, and did himself take a complacency in that reconciliation. He
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rested, and was refreshed with these institutions of his grace, as, at
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first, with his works of creation
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ex+31:17">Exod. xxxi. 17</A>),
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rejoicing therein,
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+104:31">Ps. civ. 31</A>.
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Christ's offering of himself to God is said to be of <I>a
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sweet-smelling savour</I>
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(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Eph+5:2">Eph. v. 2</A>),
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and the spiritual sacrifices of Christians are said to be <I>acceptable
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to God, through Christ,</I>
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<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Pe+2:5">1 Pet. ii. 5</A>.</P>
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<A NAME="Le1_10"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_11"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_12"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_13"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_14"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_15"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_16"> </A>
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<A NAME="Le1_17"> </A>
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<P>
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<FONT SIZE=+1>10 And if his offering <I>be</I> of the flocks, <I>namely,</I> of the
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sheep, or of the goats, for a burnt sacrifice; he shall bring it
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a male without blemish.
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11 And he shall kill it on the side of the altar northward
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before the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>: and the priests, Aaron's sons, shall sprinkle
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his blood round about upon the altar.
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12 And he shall cut it into his pieces, with his head and his
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fat: and the priest shall lay them in order on the wood that <I>is</I>
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on the fire which <I>is</I> upon the altar:
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13 But he shall wash the inwards and the legs with water: and
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the priest shall bring <I>it</I> all, and burn <I>it</I> upon the altar: it
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|
<I>is</I> a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet
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|
savour unto the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>.
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14 And if the burnt sacrifice for his offering to the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> <I>be</I>
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of fowls, then he shall bring his offering of turtledoves, or of
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|
young pigeons.
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15 And the priest shall bring it unto the altar, and wring off
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|
his head, and burn <I>it</I> on the altar; and the blood thereof shall
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|
be wrung out at the side of the altar:
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16 And he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast
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|
it beside the altar on the east part, by the place of the ashes:
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17 And he shall cleave it with the wings thereof, <I>but</I> shall
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|
not divide <I>it</I> asunder: and the priest shall burn it upon the
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altar, upon the wood that <I>is</I> upon the fire: it <I>is</I> a burnt
|
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|
sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the
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|
L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>.
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</FONT></P>
|
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|
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<P>
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|
Here we have the laws concerning the burnt-offerings, which were of the
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|
flock or of the fowls. Those of the middle rank, that could not well
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|
afford to offer a bullock, would bring a sheep or a goat; and those
|
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|
that were not able to do that should be accepted of God if they brought
|
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|
a turtle-dove or a pigeon. For God, in his law and in his gospel, as
|
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|
well as in his providence, considers the poor. It is observable that
|
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|
those creatures were chosen for sacrifice which were most mild and
|
||
|
gentle, harmless and inoffensive, to typify the innocence and meekness
|
||
|
that were in Christ, and to teach the innocence and meekness that
|
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|
should be in Christians. Directions are here given,
|
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|
|
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|
1. Concerning the burnt-offerings of the flock,
|
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|
|
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|
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Le+1:10">v. 10</A>.
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|
|
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|
The method of managing these is much the same with that of the
|
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|
bullocks; only it is ordered here that the sacrifice should be killed
|
||
|
<I>on the side of the altar northward,</I> which, though mentioned here
|
||
|
only, was probably to be observed concerning the former, and other
|
||
|
sacrifices. Perhaps on that side of the altar there was the largest
|
||
|
vacant space, and room for the priests to turn them in. It was of old
|
||
|
observed that <I>fair weather comes out of the north,</I> and that
|
||
|
<I>the north wind drives away rain;</I> and by these sacrifices the
|
||
|
storms of God's wrath are scattered, and the light of God's countenance
|
||
|
is obtained, which is more pleasant than the brightest fairest weather.
|
||
|
|
||
|
2. Concerning those of the fowls. They must be either turtle-doves
|
||
|
(and, if so, "they must be <I>old</I> turtles," say the Jews), or
|
||
|
<I>pigeons,</I> and, if so, they must be <I>young</I> pigeons. What was
|
||
|
most acceptable at men's tables must be brought to God's altar. In the
|
||
|
offering of these fowls,
|
||
|
|
||
|
(1.) The head must be wrung off, "quite off," say some; others think
|
||
|
only pinched, so as to kill the bird, and yet leave the head hanging to
|
||
|
the body. But it seems more likely that it was to be quite separated,
|
||
|
for it was to be burnt first.
|
||
|
|
||
|
(2.) The blood was to be <I>wrung out at the side of the altar.</I>
|
||
|
|
||
|
(3.) The garbages with the feathers were to be thrown by upon the
|
||
|
dunghill.
|
||
|
|
||
|
(4.) The body was to be opened, sprinkled with salt, and then burnt
|
||
|
upon the altar. "This sacrifice of birds," the Jews say, "was one of
|
||
|
the most difficult services the priests had to do," to teach those that
|
||
|
minister in holy things to be as solicitous for the salvation of the
|
||
|
poor as for that of the rich, and that the services of the poor are as
|
||
|
acceptable to God, if they come from an upright heart, as the services
|
||
|
of the rich, for he accepts <I>according to what a man hath,</I> and
|
||
|
not <I>according to what he hath not,</I>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=2Co+8:12">2 Cor. viii. 12</A>.
|
||
|
|
||
|
The poor man's turtle-doves, or young pigeons, are here said to be
|
||
|
<I>an offering of a sweet-smelling savour,</I> as much as that of an ox
|
||
|
or bullock that hath horns or hoofs. Yet, after all, to <I>love God
|
||
|
with all our heart, and to love our neighbour as ourselves, is better
|
||
|
than all burnt-offerings and sacrifices,</I>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Mk+12:33">Mark xii. 33</A>.</P>
|
||
|
|
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