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<p>This statute obliged all the people of Israel to bring all their sacrifices to God’s altar, to be offered there. And as to this matter we must consider,</p>
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<p class="tab-1">I. How it stood before. 1. It was allowed to all people to build altars, and offer sacrifices to God, where they pleased. Wherever Abraham had a tent he built an altar, and every master of a family was a priest to his own family, as <a class="bibleref" title="Job.1.5" href="/passage/?search=Job.1.5">Job 1:5</a>. 2. This liberty had been an occasion of idolatry. When every man was his own priest, and had an altar of his own, by degrees, as they became vain in their imaginations, they invented gods of their own, <i>and offered their sacrifices unto demons</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Lev.17.7" href="/passage/?search=Lev.17.7">Lev. 17:7</a>. The word signifies <i>rough</i> or <i>hairy goats</i>, because it is probable that in the shape the evil spirits often appeared to them, to invite their sacrifices and to signify their acceptance of them. For the devil, ever since he became a revolter from God and a rebel against him, has set up for a rival with him, and coveted to have divine honours paid him: he had the impudence to solicit our blessed Saviour to <i>fall down and worship him</i>. The Israelites themselves had learned in Egypt to sacrifice to demons. And some of them, it should seem, practised it even since the God of Israel had so gloriously appeared for them, and with them. They are said to <i>go a whoring after</i> these demons; for it was such a breach of their covenant with God as adultery is of the marriage covenant: and they were as strongly addicted to their idolatrous worships, and as hard to be reclaimed from them, as those that have given themselves over to fornication, to <i>work all uncleanness with greediness</i>; and therefore it is with reference to this that God calls himself <i>a jealous God</i>.</p>
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<p class="tab-1">II. How this law settled it. 1. Some think that the children of Israel were by this law forbidden, while they were in the wilderness, to kill any beef, or mutton, or veal, or lamb, or goat, even for their common eating, but at the <i>door of the tabernacle</i>, where the blood and the fat were to be offered to God upon the altar, and the flesh to be returned back to the offerer to be eaten as a peace-offering, according to the law. And the statute is so worded (<a class="bibleref" title="Lev.17.3,Lev.17.4" href="/passage/?search=Lev.17.3,Lev.17.4"><span class="bibleref" title="Lev.17.3">Lev. 17:3</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Lev.17.4">4</span></a>) as to favour this opinion, for it speaks generally of killing any ox, or lamb, or goat. The learned Dr. Cudworth puts this sense upon it, and thinks that while they had their tabernacle so near them in the midst of their camp they ate no flesh but what had first been offered to God, but that when they were entering Canaan this constitution was altered (<a class="bibleref" title="Deut.12.21" href="/passage/?search=Deut.12.21">Deut. 12:21</a>), and they were allowed to kill their beasts of the flock and herd at home, as well as the roebuck and the hart; only thrice a year they were to see God at his tabernacle, and to eat and drink before him there. And it is probable that in the wilderness they did not eat much flesh but that of their peace-offerings, preserving what cattle they had, for breed, against they came to Canaan; therefore they murmured for flesh, being weary of manna; and Moses on that occasion speaks as if they were very sparing of the <i>flocks and the herds</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Num.11.4,Num.11.22" href="/passage/?search=Num.11.4,Num.11.22"><span class="bibleref" title="Num.11.4">Num. 11:4</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Num.11.22">22</span></a>. Yet it is hard to construe this as a temporary law, when it is expressly said to be a <i>statute for ever</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Lev.17.7" href="/passage/?search=Lev.17.7">Lev. 17:7</a>); and therefore, 2. It should seem rather to forbid only the killing of beasts for sacrifice any where but at God’s altar. They must not offer sacrifice, as they had done, <i>in the open field</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Lev.17.5" href="/passage/?search=Lev.17.5">Lev. 17:5</a>), no, not to the true God, but it must be brought to the priest, to be offered on the altar of the Lord: and the solemnity they had lately witnessed, of consecrating both the priests and the altar, would serve for a good reason why they should confine themselves to both these that God had so signally appointed and owned. This law obliged not only the Israelites themselves, but the proselytes or strangers that were circumcised and sojourned among them, who were in danger of retaining an affection to their old ways of worship. If any should transgress this law, and offer sacrifice any where but at the tabernacle, (1.) The guilt was great: <i>Blood shall be imputed to that man; he hath shed blood</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Lev.17.4" href="/passage/?search=Lev.17.4">Lev. 17:4</a>. Though it was but a beast he had killed, yet, killing it otherwise than God had appointed, he was looked upon as a murderer. It is by the divine grant that we have the liberty to kill the inferior creatures, to the benefit of which we are not entitled, unless we submit to the limitations of it, which are that it be not done either with cruelty or with superstition, <a class="bibleref" title="Gen.9.3,Gen.9.4" href="/passage/?search=Gen.9.3,Gen.9.4"><span class="bibleref" title="Gen.9.3">Gen. 9:3</span>, <span class="bibleref" title="Gen.9.4">4</span></a>. Nor was there ever any greater abuse done to the inferior creatures than when they were made either false gods or sacrifices to false gods, to which the apostle perhaps has special reference when he speaks of the vanity and bondage of corruption to which the creature was made subject, <a class="bibleref" title="Rom.8.20,Rom.8.21" href="/passage/?search=Rom.8.20,Rom.8.21"><span class
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<p class="tab-1">III. How this law was observed. 1. While the Israelites kept their integrity they had a tender and very jealous regard to this law, as appears by their zeal against the altar which was erected by the two tribes and a half, which they would by no means have left standing if they had not been satisfied that it was never designed, nor should ever be used, for sacrifice or offering, <a class="bibleref" title="Josh.22.12" href="/passage/?search=Josh.22.12">Josh. 22:12</a> 2. The breach of this law was for many ages the scandalous and incurable corruption of the Jewish church, witness that complaint which so often occurs in the history even of the good kings, <i>Howbeit the high places were not taken away</i>; and it was an inlet to the grossest idolatries. 3. Yet this law was, in extraordinary cases, dispensed with. Gideon’s sacrifice (<a class="bibleref" title="Judg.6.26" href="/passage/?search=Judg.6.26">Jdg. 6:26</a>), Manoah’s (<a class="bibleref" title="Judg.13.19" href="/passage/?search=Judg.13.19">Jdg. 13:19</a>), Samuel’s (<a class="bibleref" title="1Sam.7.9,1Sam.9.13,1Sam.11.15" href="/passage/?search=1Sam.7.9,1Sam.9.13,1Sam.11.15"><span class="bibleref" title="1Sam.7.9">1 Sam. 7:9</span>; <span class="bibleref" title="1Sam.9.13">9:13</span>; <span class="bibleref" title="1Sam.11.15">11:15</span></a>), David’s (<a class="bibleref" title="2Sam.24.18" href="/passage/?search=2Sam.24.18">2 Sam. 24:18</a>), and Elijah’s (<a class="bibleref" title="1Kgs.18.23" href="/passage/?search=1Kgs.18.23">1 Kgs. 18:23</a>), were accepted, though not offered at the usual place: but these were all either ordered by angels or offered by prophets; and some think that after the desolation of Shiloh, and before the building of the temple, while the ark and altar were unsettled, it was more allowable to offer sacrifice elsewhere.</p>
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<p class="tab-1">IV. How the matter stands now, and what use we are to make of this law. 1. It is certain that the spiritual sacrifices we are now to offer are not confined to any one place. Our Saviour has made this clear (<a class="bibleref" title="John.4.21" href="/passage/?search=John.4.21">John 4:21</a>), and the apostle (<a class="bibleref" title="1Tim.2.8" href="/passage/?search=1Tim.2.8">1 Tim. 2:8</a>), according to the prophecy, that <i>in every place incense should be offered</i>, <a class="bibleref" title="Mal.1.11" href="/passage/?search=Mal.1.11">Mal. 1:11</a>. We have now no temple nor altar that sanctifies the gift, nor does the gospel unity lie in one place, but in one heart, and the <i>unity of the spirit</i>. 2. Christ is our altar, and the <i>true tabernacle</i> (<a class="bibleref" title="Heb.8.2,Heb.13.10" href="/passage/?search=Heb.8.2,Heb.13.10"><span class="bibleref" title="Heb.8.2">Heb. 8:2</span>; <span class="bibleref" title="Heb.13.10">13:10</span></a>); in him God dwells among us, and it is in him that our sacrifices are acceptable to God, and in him only, <a class="bibleref" title="1Pet.2.5" href="/passage/?search=1Pet.2.5">1 Pet. 2:5</a>. To set up other mediators, or other altars, or other expiatory sacrifices, is, in effect, to set up other gods. He is the centre of unity, in whom all God’s Israel meet. 3. Yet we are to have respect to the public worship of God, not <i>forsaking the assemblies of</i> his people, <a class="bibleref" title="Heb.10.25" href="/passage/?search=Heb.10.25">Heb. 10:25</a>. The Lord loves <i>the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob</i>, and so should we; see <a class="bibleref" title="Ezek.20.40" href="/passage/?search=Ezek.20.40">Ezek. 20:40</a>. Though God will graciously accept our family offerings, we must not therefore neglect the door of the tabernacle.</p>
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