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Matthew Henry<BR><I>Commentary on the Whole Bible</I> (1712)
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<!-- (Begin Body) -->
<CENTER>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+3><B>J E R E M I A H.</B></FONT>
<BR>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+2>CHAP. XXV.</FONT>
<HR SIZE=1 WIDTH=50>
</CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=-1>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
The prophecy of this chapter bears date some time before those
prophecies in the chapters next foregoing, for they are not placed in
the exact order of time in which they were delivered. This is dated in
the first year of Nebuchadrezzar, that remarkable year when the sword
of the Lord began to be drawn and furbished. Here is,
I. A review of the prophecies that had been delivered to Judah and
Jerusalem for many years past, by Jeremiah himself and other prophets,
with the little regard given to them and the little success of them,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:1-7">ver. 1-7</A>.
II. A very express threatening of the destruction of Judah and
Jerusalem, by the king of Babylon, for their contempt of God, and their
continuance in sin
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:8-11">ver. 8-11</A>),
to which is annexed a promise of their deliverance out of their
captivity in Babylon, after 70 years,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:12-14">ver. 12-14</A>.
III. A prediction of the devastation of divers other nations about, by
Nebuchadrezzar, represented by a "cup of fury" put into their hands
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:15-28">ver. 15-28</A>),
by a sword sent among them
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:29-33">ver. 29-33</A>),
and a desolation made among the shepherds and their flocks and pastures
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:34-38">ver. 34-38</A>);
so that we have here judgment beginning at the house of God, but not
ending there.</P>
</FONT>
<A NAME="Jer25_1"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_2"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_3"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_4"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_5"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_6"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_7"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec1"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>God's Remonstrances with the People.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 607.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<FONT SIZE=+1>1 The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of
Judah in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of
Judah, that <I>was</I> the first year of Nebuchadrezzar king of
Babylon;
&nbsp; 2 The which Jeremiah the prophet spake unto all the people of
Judah, and to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying,
&nbsp; 3 From the thirteenth year of Josiah the son of Amon king of
Judah, even unto this day, that <I>is</I> the three and twentieth
year, the word of the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> hath come unto me, and I have spoken
unto you, rising early and speaking; but ye have not hearkened.
&nbsp; 4 And the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> hath sent unto you all his servants the
prophets, rising early and sending <I>them;</I> but ye have not
hearkened, nor inclined your ear to hear.
&nbsp; 5 They said, Turn ye again now every one from his evil way, and
from the evil of your doings, and dwell in the land that the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>
hath given unto you and to your fathers for ever and ever:
&nbsp; 6 And go not after other gods to serve them, and to worship
them, and provoke me not to anger with the works of your hands;
and I will do you no hurt.
&nbsp; 7 Yet ye have not hearkened unto me, saith the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>; that ye
might provoke me to anger with the works of your hands to your
own hurt.
</FONT></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
We have here a message from God concerning all the people of Judah
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:1"><I>v.</I> 1</A>),
which Jeremiah delivered, in his name, unto all the people of Judah,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:2"><I>v.</I> 2</A>.
Note, That which is of universal concern ought to be of universal
cognizance. It is fit that the word which concerns all the people, as
the word of God does, the word of the gospel particularly, should be
divulged to all in general, and, as far as may be, addressed to each in
particular. Jeremiah had been sent to the <I>house of the king</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+22:1"><I>ch.</I> xxii. 1</A>),
and he took courage to deliver his message to them, probably when they
had all come up to Jerusalem to worship at one of the solemn feasts;
then he had them together, and it was to be hoped then, if ever, they
would be well disposed to hear counsel and receive instruction.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
This prophecy is dated in the fourth year of Jehoiakim and the first of
Nebuchadrezzar. It was in the latter end of Jehoiakim's third year that
Nebuchadrezzar began to reign by himself alone (having reigned some
time before in conjunction with his father), as appears,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Da+1:1">Dan. i. 1</A>.
But Jehoiakim's fourth year was begun before Nebuchadrezzar's first was
completed. Now that that active, daring, martial prince began to set up
for the world's master, God, by his prophet, gives notice that he is
his servant, and intimates what work he intends to employ him in, that
his growing greatness, which was so formidable to the nations, might
not be construed as any reflection upon the power and providence of God
in the government of the world. Nebuchadrezzar should not bid so fair
for universal monarchy (I should have said universal tyranny) but that
God had purposes of his own to serve by him, in the execution of which
the world shall see the meaning of God's permitting and ordering a
thing that seemed such a reflection on his sovereignty and
goodness.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
Now in this message we may observe the great pains that had been taken
with the people to bring them to repentance, which they are here put in
mind of, as an aggravation of their sin and a justification of God in
his proceedings against them.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
I. Jeremiah, for his part, had been a constant preacher among them
twenty-three years; he began in the thirteenth year of Josiah, who
reigned thirty-one years, so that he prophesied about eighteen or
nineteen years in his reign, then in the reign of Jehoahaz, and now
four years of Jehoiakim's reign. Note, God keeps an account, whether we
do or no, how long we have enjoyed the means of grace; and the longer
we have enjoyed them the heavier will our account be if we have not
improved them. <I>These three years</I> (these three and twenty years)
<I>have I come seeking fruit on this fig-tree.</I> All this while,
1. God had been constant in sending messages to them, as there was
occasion for them: "From that time <I>to this very day the word of the
Lord has come into me,</I> for your use." Though they had the substance
of the warning sent them already in the books of Moses, yet, because
those were not duly regarded and applied, God sent to enforce them and
make them more particular, that they might be without excuse. Thus
God's Spirit was striving with them, as with the old world,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ge+6:3">Gen. vi. 3</A>.
2. Jeremiah had been faithful and industrious in delivering those
messages. He could appeal to themselves, as well as to God and his own
conscience, concerning this: <I>I have spoken to you, rising early and
speaking.</I> He had declared to them <I>the whole counsel of God;</I>
he had taken a great deal of care and pains to discharge his thrust in
such a manner as might be most likely to win and work upon them. What
men are solicitous about and intent upon they rise up early to
prosecute. It intimates that his head was so full of thoughts about it,
and his heart so intent upon doing good, that it broke his sleep, and
made him get up betimes to project which way he might take that would
be most likely to do them good. He rose early, both because he would
lose no time and because he would lay hold on and improve the best time
to work upon them, when, if ever, they were sober and sedate. Christ
came <I>early in the morning</I> to preach in the temple, and the
people as early to hear him,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Lu+21:38">Luke xxi. 38</A>.
Morning lectures have their advantages. <I>My voice shalt thou hear in
the morning.</I></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
II. Besides him, God had sent them other prophets, on the same errand,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:4"><I>v.</I> 4</A>.
Of the writing prophets Micah, Nahum, and Habakkuk, were a little
before him, and Zephaniah contemporary with him. But, besides those,
there were many other of God's <I>servants the prophets</I> who
preached awakening sermons, which were never published. And here God
himself is said to <I>rise early</I> and <I>send them,</I> intimating
how much his heart also was upon it, that this people should <I>turn
and live,</I> and not <I>go on and die,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Eze+33:11">Ezek. xxxiii. 11</A>.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
III. All the messages sent them were to the purpose, and much to the
same purport,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:5,6"><I>v.</I> 5, 6</A>.
1. They all told them of their faults, <I>their evil way,</I> and the
<I>evil of their doings.</I> Those were not of God's sending who
flattered them as if there were nothing amiss among them.
2. They all reproved them particularly for their idolatry, as a sin
that was in a special manner provoking to God, their <I>going after
other gods, to serve them and to worship them,</I> gods that were
<I>the work of their own hands.</I>
3. They all called on them to repent of their sins and to reform their
lives. This was the burden of every song, <I>Turn you now every one
from his evil way.</I> Note, Personal and particular reformation must
be insisted on as necessary to a national deliverance: <I>every one</I>
must <I>turn from his</I> own <I>evil way.</I> The street will not be
clean unless every one sweep before his own door.
4. They all assured them that, if they did so, it would certainly be
the <I>lengthening out of their tranquillity.</I> The mercies they
enjoyed should be continued to them: "<I>You shall dwell in the
land,</I> dwell at ease, dwell in peace, in this good land, <I>which
the Lord has given you and your fathers.</I> Nothing but sin will turn
you out of it, and that shall not if you turn from it." The judgments
they feared should be prevented: <I>Provoke me not, and I will do you
no hurt.</I> Note, We should never receive from God the evil punishment
if we did not provoke him by the evil of sin. God deals fairly with us,
never corrects his children without cause, nor causes grief to us
unless we give offence to him.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
IV. Yet all was to no purpose. They were not wrought upon to take the
right and only method to turn away the wrath of God. Jeremiah was a
very lively affectionate preacher, yet <I>they hearkened not</I> to
him,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:3"><I>v.</I> 3</A>.
The other prophets dealt faithfully with them, but neither did they
<I>hearken to them,</I> nor <I>incline their ear,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:4"><I>v.</I> 4</A>.
That very particular sin which they were told, of all others, was most
offensive to God, and made them obnoxious to his justice, they wilfully
persisted in: You <I>provoke me with the works of your hands to your
own hurt.</I> Note, What is a provocation to God will prove, in the
end, hurt to ourselves, and we must bear the blame of it. <I>O Israel!
thou hast destroyed thyself.</I></P>
<A NAME="Jer25_8"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_9"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_10"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_11"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_12"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_13"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_14"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec2"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>Desolation Predicted.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 607.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<FONT SIZE=+1>8 Therefore thus saith the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> of hosts; Because ye have not
heard my words,
&nbsp; 9 Behold, I will send and take all the families of the north,
saith the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, and Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my
servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the
inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about,
and will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and
a hissing, and perpetual desolations.
&nbsp; 10 Moreover I will take from them the voice of mirth, and the
voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of
the bride, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the
candle.
&nbsp; 11 And this whole land shall be a desolation, <I>and</I> an
astonishment; and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon
seventy years.
&nbsp; 12 And it shall come to pass, when seventy years are
accomplished, <I>that</I> I will punish the king of Babylon, and that
nation, saith the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>, for their iniquity, and the land of the
Chaldeans, and will make it perpetual desolations.
&nbsp; 13 And I will bring upon that land all my words which I have
pronounced against it, <I>even</I> all that is written in this book,
which Jeremiah hath prophesied against all the nations.
&nbsp; 14 For many nations and great kings shall serve themselves of
them also: and I will recompense them according to their deeds,
and according to the works of their own hands.
</FONT></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
Here is the sentence grounded upon the foregoing charge: "<I>Because
you have not heard my words,</I> I must take another course with you,"
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:8"><I>v.</I> 8</A>.
Note, When men will not regard the judgments of God's mouth they may
expect to feel the judgments of his hands, to hear the rod, since they
would not hear the word; for the sinner must either be parted from his
sin or perish in it. Wrath comes without remedy against those only that
sin without repentance. It is not so much men's turning aside that
ruins them as their not returning.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
I. The ruin of the land of Judah by the king of Babylon's armies is
here decreed,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:9"><I>v.</I> 9</A>.
God sent to them <I>his servants the prophets,</I> and they were not
heeded, and therefore God will send for <I>his servant the king of
Babylon,</I> whom they cannot mock, and despise, and persecute, as they
did his servants the prophets. Note, The messengers of God's wrath will
be sent against those that would not receive the messengers of his
mercy. One way or other God will be heeded, and will make men know that
<I>he is the Lord.</I> Nebuchadrezzar, though a stranger to the true
God, the God of Israel, nay, an enemy to him and afterwards a rival
with him, was yet, in the descent he made upon his country. <I>God's
servant,</I> accomplished his purpose, was employed by him, and was an
instrument in his hand for the correction of his people. He was really
serving God's designs when he thought he was serving his own ends.
Justly therefore does God here call himself <I>The Lord of hosts</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:8"><I>v.</I> 8</A>),
for here is an instance of his sovereign dominion, not only over the
inhabitants, but over the armies of this earth, of which he makes what
use he pleases. He has them all at his command. The most potent and
absolute monarchs are his servants. Nebuchadrezzar, who is an
instrument of his wrath, is as truly his servant as Cyrus, who is an
instrument of his mercy. The land of Judah being to be made desolate,
God here musters his army that is to make it so, gathers it together,
takes <I>all the families of the north,</I> if there be occasion for
them, leads them on as their commander-in-chief, <I>brings them against
this land,</I> gives them success, not only against Judah and
Jerusalem, but against <I>all the nations round about,</I> that there
might be no dependence upon them as allies or assistants against that
threatening force. The utter destruction of this and all the
neighbouring lands is here described,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:9-11"><I>v.</I> 9-11</A>.
It shall be total: <I>The whole land shall be a desolation,</I> not
only desolate, but a desolation itself; both city and country shall be
laid waste, and all the wealth of both be made a prey of. It shall be
lasting, even <I>perpetual desolations;</I> they shall continue so long
in ruins, and after long waiting there shall appear so little prospect
of relief, that every one shall call it perpetual. This desolation
shall be the ruin of their credit among their neighbours; it shall bury
their honour in the dust, shall <I>make them an astonishment and a
hissing;</I> every one will be amazed at them, and hiss them off the
stage of action with just disgrace for deserting a God who would have
been their protection for impostors who would certainly be their
destruction. It will likewise be the ruin of all their comfort among
themselves; it shall be a final period of all their joy: <I>I will take
from them the voice of mirth,</I> hang their harps on the willow-trees,
and put them out of tune for songs. <I>I will take from them the voice
of mirth;</I> they shall neither have cause for it nor hearts for it.
They would not hear the voice of God's word and therefore the voice of
mirth shall no more be heard among them. They shall be deprived of
food: <I>The sound of the mill-stones shall not be heard;</I> for, when
the enemy has seized their stores, the sound of the grinding must needs
be low,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ec+12:4">Eccl. xii. 4</A>.
An end shall be put to all business; there shall not be seen <I>the
light of a candle,</I> for there shall be no work to be done worth
candle-light. And, <I>lastly,</I> they shall be deprived of their
liberty: <I>Those nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy
years.</I> The fixing of time during which the captivity should last
would be of great use, not only for the confirmation of the prophecy,
when the event (which in this particular could by no human sagacity be
foreseen) should exactly answer the prediction, but for the comfort of
the people of God in their calamity and the encouragement of faith and
prayer. Daniel, who was himself a prophet, had an eye to it,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Da+9:2">Dan. ix. 2</A>.
Nay, God himself had an eye to it
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=2Ch+36:22">2 Chron. xxxvi. 22</A>);
for <I>therefore</I> he <I>stirred up the spirit of Cyrus,</I> that the
word spoken by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished. <I>Known
unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world,</I> which
appears by this, that, when he has thought fit, some of them have been
made known to his servants the prophets and by them to his church.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
II. The ruin of Babylon, at last, is here likewise foretold, as it had
been, long before, by Isaiah,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:12-14"><I>v.</I> 12-14</A>.
The destroyers must themselves be destroyed, and the rod thrown into
the fire, when the correcting work is done with it. This shall be done
when <I>seventy years are accomplished;</I> for the destruction of
Babylon must make way for the deliverance of the captives. It is a
great doubt when these <I>seventy years</I> commence; some date them
from the captivity in the fourth year of Jehoiakim and first of
Nebuchadrezzar, others from the captivity of Jehoiachin eight years
after. I rather incline to the former, because then these nations began
<I>to serve the king of Babylon,</I> and because usually God has taken
the earliest time from which to reckon the accomplishment of a promise
of mercy, as will appear in computing the 400 years' servitude in
Egypt. And, if so, eighteen or nineteen years of the seventy had run
out before Jerusalem and the temple were quite destroyed in the
eleventh year of Zedekiah. However that be, when the time, the set
time, to favour Zion, has come, the king of Babylon must be visited,
and all the instances of his tyranny reckoned for; then that nation
shall be punished <I>for their iniquity,</I> as the other nations have
been punished for theirs. That land must then be a <I>perpetual
desolation,</I> such as they had made other lands; for the <I>Judge of
all the earth</I> will both <I>do right</I> and <I>avenge wrong,</I> as
King of nations and King of saints. Let proud conquerors and oppressors
be moderate in the use of their power and success, for it will come at
last to their own turn to suffer; their day will come to fall. In this
destruction of Babylon, which was to be brought about by the Medes and
Persians, reference shall be had,
1. To what God had said: <I>I will bring upon that land all my
words;</I> for all the wealth and honour of Babylon shall be sacrificed
to the truth of the divine predictions, and all its power broken,
rather than one iota or tittle of God's word shall fall to the ground.
The same Jeremiah that prophesied the destruction of other nations by
the Chaldeans foretold also the destruction of the Chaldeans
themselves; and this must be brought upon them,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:13"><I>v.</I> 13</A>.
It is with reference to this very event that God says, I will
<I>confirm the word of my servant,</I> and <I>perform the counsel of my
messengers,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+44:26">Isa. xliv. 26</A>.
2. Two what they had done
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:14"><I>v.</I> 14</A>):
<I>I will recompense them according to their deeds,</I> by which they
transgressed the law of God, even then when they were made to serve his
purposes. They had made many nations to serve them, and trampled upon
them with the greatest insolence imaginable; but not that the measure
of their iniquity is full <I>many nations and great kings,</I> that are
in alliance with and come in to the assistance of Cyrus king of Persia,
shall <I>serve themselves of them</I> also, shall make themselves
masters of their country, enrich themselves with their spoils, and make
them the footstool by which to mount the throne of universal monarchy.
They shall make use of them for servants and soldiers. <I>He that leads
into captivity shall go into captivity.</I></P>
<A NAME="Jer25_15"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_16"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_17"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_18"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_19"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_20"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_21"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_22"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_23"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_24"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_25"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_26"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_27"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_28"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_29"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec3"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>The Cup of Wrath; General Desolation.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 607.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<FONT SIZE=+1>15 For thus saith the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> God of Israel unto me; Take the wine
cup of this fury at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I
send thee, to drink it.
&nbsp; 16 And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of
the sword that I will send among them.
&nbsp; 17 Then took I the cup at the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>'s hand, and made all the
nations to drink, unto whom the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> had sent me:
&nbsp; 18 <I>To wit,</I> Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and the kings
thereof, and the princes thereof, to make them a desolation, an
astonishment, a hissing, and a curse; as <I>it is</I> this day;
&nbsp; 19 Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, and his princes,
and all his people;
&nbsp; 20 And all the mingled people, and all the kings of the land of
Uz, and all the kings of the land of the Philistines, and
Ashkelon, and Azzah, and Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod,
&nbsp; 21 Edom, and Moab, and the children of Ammon,
&nbsp; 22 And all the kings of Tyrus, and all the kings of Zidon, and
the kings of the isles which <I>are</I> beyond the sea,
&nbsp; 23 Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all <I>that are</I> in the utmost
corners,
&nbsp; 24 And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the
mingled people that dwell in the desert,
&nbsp; 25 And all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and
all the kings of the Medes,
&nbsp; 26 And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with
another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which <I>are</I> upon the
face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after
them.
&nbsp; 27 Therefore thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> of
hosts, the God of Israel; Drink ye, and be drunken, and spue, and
fall, and rise no more, because of the sword which I will send
among you.
&nbsp; 28 And it shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at thine
hand to drink, then shalt thou say unto them, Thus saith the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>
of hosts; Ye shall certainly drink.
&nbsp; 29 For, lo, I begin to bring evil on the city which is called
by my name, and should ye be utterly unpunished? Ye shall not be
unpunished: for I will call for a sword upon all the inhabitants
of the earth, saith the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> of hosts.
</FONT></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
Under the similitude of a cup going round, which all the company must
drink of, is here represented the universal desolation that was now
coming upon that part of the world which Nebuchadrezzar, who just now
began to reign and act, was to be the instrument of, and which should
at length recoil upon his own country. The cup in the vision is to be a
sword in the accomplishment of it: so it is explained,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:16"><I>v.</I> 16</A>.
It is <I>the sword that I will send among them,</I> the sword of war,
that should be irresistibly strong and implacably cruel.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
I. As to the circumstances of this judgment, observe,</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
1. Whence this destroying sword should come--<I>from the hand of
God.</I> It is the <I>sword of the Lord</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+47:6"><I>ch.</I> xlvii. 6</A>),
<I>bathed in heaven,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+34:5">Isa. xxxiv. 5</A>.
Wicked men are made use of as his sword,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+17:13">Ps. xvii. 13</A>.
It is <I>the wine-cup of his fury.</I> It is the just anger of God that
sends this judgment. The nations have provoked him by their sins, and
they must fall under the tokens of his wrath. These are compared to
some intoxicating liquor, which they shall be forced to drink of, as,
formerly, condemned malefactors were sometimes executed by being
compelled to drink poison. The wicked are said to <I>drink the wrath of
the Almighty,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+21:20,Re+14:10">Job xxi. 20; Rev. xiv. 10</A>.
Their share of troubles in his world is represented by the dregs of a
cup of red wine full of mixture,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+75:8">Ps. lxxv. 8</A>.
See
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+11:6">Ps. xi. 6</A>.
The wrath of God in this world is but as a cup, in comparison of the
full streams of it in the other world.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
2. By whose hand it should be sent to them--by the hand of Jeremiah as
the judge <I>set over the nations</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+1:10"><I>ch.</I> i. 10</A>),
to pass his sentence upon them, and by the hand of Nebuchadrezzar as
the executioner. What a much greater figure then does the poor prophet
make than what the potent prince makes, if we look upon their relation
to God, though in the eye of the world it was the reverse of it!
Jeremiah must <I>take the cup at God's hand,</I> and compel the nations
<I>to drink it.</I> He foretels no hurt to them but what God appoints
him to foretel; and what is foretold by a divine authority will
certainly be fulfilled by a divine power.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
3. On whom it should be sent--on all the nations within the verge of
Israel's acquaintance and the lines of their communication. Jeremiah
took the cup, and <I>made all the nations to drink of it,</I> that is,
he prophesied concerning each of the nations here mentioned that they
should share in this great desolation that was coming. <I>Jerusalem and
the cities of Judah</I> are put first
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:18"><I>v.</I> 18</A>);
for <I>judgment begins at the house of God</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=1Pe+4:17">1 Pet. iv. 17</A>),
at the sanctuary,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Eze+9:6">Ezek. ix. 6</A>.
Whether Nebuchadrezzar had his eye principally upon Jerusalem and Judah
in this expedition or no does not appear; probably he had; for it was
as considerable as any of the nations here mentioned. However God had
his eye principally to them. And this part of the prophecy was already
begun to be accomplished; this is denoted by that melancholy
parenthesis (<I>as it is this day</I>), for in the fourth year of
Jehoiakim things had come into a very bad posture, and all the
foundations were out of course. <I>Pharaoh king of Egypt</I> comes
next, because the Jews trusted to that broken reed
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:19"><I>v.</I> 19</A>);
the remains of them fled to Egypt, and there Jeremiah particularly
foretold the destruction of that country,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+43:10,11"><I>ch.</I> xliii. 10, 11</A>.
All the other nations that bordered upon Canaan must pledge Jerusalem
in this bitter cup, this cup of trembling. The <I>mingled people,</I>
the Arabians (so some), some rovers of divers nations that lived by
rapine (so others); <I>the kings of the land of Uz,</I> joined to the
country of the Edomites. The Philistines had been vexatious to Israel,
but now their cities and their lords become a prey to this mighty
conqueror. Edom, Moab, Ammon, Tyre, and Zidon, are places well known to
border upon Israel; the <I>Isles beyond,</I> or <I>beside, the sea,</I>
are supposed to be those parts of Ph&oelig;nicia and Syria that lay upon the
coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Dedan and the other countries mentioned
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:23,24"><I>v.</I> 23, 24</A>)
seem to have lain upon the confines of Idumea and Arabia the desert.
Those of Elam are the Persians, with whom the Medes are joined, now
looked upon as inconsiderable and yet afterwards able to make reprisals
upon Babylon for themselves and all their neighbours. The <I>kings of
the north,</I> that lay nearer to Babylon, and others that lay at some
distance, will be sure to be seized on and made a prey of by the
victorious sword of Nebuchadrezzar. Nay, he shall push on his victories
with such incredible fury and success that all the kingdoms of the
world that were then and there known should become sacrifices to his
ambition. Thus Alexander is said to have conquered <I>the world,</I>
and the Roman empire is called <I>the world,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Lu+2:1">Luke ii. 1</A>.
Or it may be taken as reading the doom of <I>all the kingdoms</I> of
the earth; one time or other, they shall feel the dreadful effects of
war. The world has been, and will be, a great cockpit, while men's
lusts war as they do <I>in their members,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jam+4:1">Jam. iv. 1</A>.
But, that the conquerors may see their fate with the conquered, it
concludes, <I>The king of Sheshach shall drink after them,</I> that is,
the king of Babylon himself, who has given his neighbours all this
trouble and vexation, shall at length have it return upon his own head.
That by Sheshach is meant Babylon is plain from
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+51:41"><I>ch.</I> li. 41</A>;
but whether it was another name of the same city or the name of another
city of the same kingdom is uncertain. Babylon's ruin was foretold,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:12,13"><I>v.</I> 12, 13</A>.
Upon this prophecy of its being the author of the ruin of so many
nations it is very fitly repeated here again.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
4. What should be the effect of it. The desolations which the sword
should make in all these kingdoms are represented by the consequences
of excessive drinking
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:16"><I>v.</I> 16</A>):
<I>They shall drink, and be moved, and be mad. They shall be drunken,
and spue, and fall and rise no more,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:27"><I>v.</I> 27</A>.
Now this may serve,
(1.) To make us loathe the sin of drunkenness, that the consequences of
it are made use of to set forth a most woeful and miserable condition.
Drunkenness deprives men, for the present, of the use of their reason,
makes them mad. It takes from them likewise that which, next to reason,
is the most valuable blessing, and that is health; it makes them sick,
and endangers the bones and the life. Men in drink often <I>fall and
rise no more;</I> it is a sin that is its own punishment. How
wretchedly are those intoxicated and besotted that suffer themselves at
any time to be intoxicated, especially to be by the frequent commission
of the sin besotted with wine or strong drink!
(2.) To make us dread the judgments of war. When God sends the sword
upon a nation, with warrant to make it desolate, it soon becomes like a
drunken man, filled with confusion at the alarms of war, put into a
hurry; its counsellors <I>mad,</I> and at their wits' end, staggering
in all the measures they take, all the motions they make, sick at heart
with continual vexation, <I>vomiting up the riches</I> they have
greedily <I>swallowed down</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+20:15">Job xx. 15</A>),
<I>falling</I> down before the enemy, and as unable to get up again, or
do any thing to help themselves, as a man <I>dead drunk is,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Hab+2:16">Hab. ii. 16</A>.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
5. The undoubted certainty of it, with the reason given for it,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:28,29"><I>v.</I> 28, 29</A>.
They will <I>refuse to take the cup at thy hand;</I> not only they will
be loth that the judgment should come, but they will be loth to believe
that ever it will come; they will not give credit to the prediction of
so despicable a man as Jeremiah. But he must tell them that it is
<I>the word of the Lord of hosts,</I> he hath said it; and it is in
vain for them to struggle with Omnipotence: <I>You shall certainly
drink.</I> And he must give them this reason, It is a time of
visitation, it is a reckoning day, and Jerusalem has been called to an
account already: <I>I begin to bring evil on the city that is called by
my name;</I> its relation to me will not exempt it from punishment, and
<I>should you be utterly unpunished?</I> No; <I>If this be done in the
green tree, what shall be done in the dry?</I> If those who have some
good in them smart so severely for the evil that is found in them, can
those expect to escape who have worse evils, and no good, found among
them? If Jerusalem be punished for learning idolatry of the nations,
shall not the nations be punished, of whom they learned it? No doubt
they shall: <I>I will call for a sword upon all the inhabitants of the
earth,</I> for they have helped to debauch the inhabitants of
Jerusalem.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
II. Upon this whole matter we may observe,
1. That there is a God that judges in the earth, to whom all the
nations of the earth are accountable, and by whose judgment they must
abide.
2. That God can easily bring to ruin the greatest nations, the most
numerous and powerful, and such as have been most secure.
3. That those who have been vexatious and mischievous to the people of
God will be reckoned with for it at last. Many of these nations had in
their turns given disturbance to Israel, but now comes destruction on
them. The year of the redeemer will come, even the <I>year of
recompenses</I> for the controversy of Zion.
4. That the <I>burden of the word of the Lord</I> will at last become
the burden of his judgments. Isaiah had prophesied long since against
most of these nations
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+13:1-27"><I>ch.</I> xiii.</A>,
&c.) and now at length all his prophecies will have their complete
fulfilling.
5. That those who are ambitious of power and dominion commonly become
the troublers of the earth and the plagues of their generation.
Nebuchadrezzar was so proud of his might that he had no sense of right.
These are the men that turn the world upside down, and yet expect to be
admired and adored. Alexander thought himself a great prince when
others thought him no better than a great pirate.
6. That the greatest pomp and power in this world are of very uncertain
continuance. Before Nebuchadrezzar's greater force kings themselves
must yield and become captives.</P>
<A NAME="Jer25_30"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_31"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_32"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_33"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_34"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_35"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_36"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_37"> </A>
<A NAME="Jer25_38"> </A>
<A NAME="Sec4"> </A>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>General Desolation; Jeremiah's Faithful Preaching.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 607.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<FONT SIZE=+1>30 Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and
say unto them, The L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> shall roar from on high, and utter his
voice from his holy habitation; he shall mightily roar upon his
habitation; he shall give a shout, as they that tread <I>the
grapes,</I> against all the inhabitants of the earth.
&nbsp; 31 A noise shall come <I>even</I> to the ends of the earth; for the
L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> hath a controversy with the nations, he will plead with all
flesh; he will give them <I>that are</I> wicked to the sword, saith
the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>.
&nbsp; 32 Thus saith the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> of hosts, Behold, evil shall go forth
from nation to nation, and a great whirlwind shall be raised up
from the coasts of the earth.
&nbsp; 33 And the slain of the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> shall be at that day from <I>one</I>
end of the earth even unto the <I>other</I> end of the earth: they
shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; they shall
be dung upon the ground.
&nbsp; 34 Howl, ye shepherds, and cry; and wallow yourselves <I>in the
ashes,</I> ye principal of the flock: for the days of your slaughter
and of your dispersions are accomplished; and ye shall fall like
a pleasant vessel.
&nbsp; 35 And the shepherds shall have no way to flee, nor the
principal of the flock to escape.
&nbsp; 36 A voice of the cry of the shepherds, and a howling of the
principal of the flock, <I>shall be heard:</I> for the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT> hath
spoiled their pasture.
&nbsp; 37 And the peaceable habitations are cut down because of the
fierce anger of the L<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ORD</B></FONT>.
&nbsp; 38 He hath forsaken his covert, as the lion: for their land is
desolate because of the fierceness of the oppressor, and because
of his fierce anger.
</FONT></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
We have, in these verses, a further description of those terrible
desolations which the king of Babylon with his armies should make in
all the countries and nations round about Jerusalem. In Jerusalem God
had erected his temple; there were his oracles and ordinances, which
the neighbouring nations should have attended to and might have
received benefit by; thither they should have applied for the knowledge
of God and their duty, and then they might have had reason to bless God
for their neighbourhood to Jerusalem; but they, instead of that, taking
all opportunities either to debauch or to disturb that holy city, when
God came to reckon with Jerusalem because it learned so much of the
<I>way of the nations,</I> he reckoned with the nations because they
learned so little of the way of Jerusalem.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
They will soon be aware of Nebuchadrezzar's making war upon them; but
the prophet is here directed to tell them that it is God himself that
makes war upon them, a God with whom there is no contending.
1. The war is here proclaimed
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:30"><I>v.</I> 30</A>):
<I>The Lord shall roar from on high;</I> not <I>from Mount Zion and
Jerusalem</I> (as
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Joe+3:16,Am+1:2">Joel iii. 16, Amos i. 2</A>),
but from <I>heaven,</I> from <I>his holy habitation</I> there; for now
Jerusalem is one of the places against which he roars. <I>He shall
mightily roar upon his habitation</I> on earth from that above. He has
been long silent, and seemed not to take notice of the wickedness of
the nations; the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now <I>he
shall give a shout,</I> as the assailants in battle do, <I>against all
the inhabitants of the earth,</I> to whom it shall be a shout of
terror, and yet a shout of joy in heaven, as theirs that <I>tread the
grapes;</I> for, when God is reckoning with the proud enemies of his
kingdom among men, there is a <I>great voice of much people heard in
heaven, saying, Hallelujah,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Re+19:1">Rev. xix. 1</A>.
He <I>roars as a lion</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Am+3:4,8">Amos iii. 4, 8</A>),
as a lion that has <I>forsaken his covert</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:38"><I>v.</I> 38</A>),
and is going abroad to seek his prey, upon which he roars, that he may
the more easily seize it.
2. The manifesto is here published, showing the causes and reasons why
God proclaims this war
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:31"><I>v.</I> 31</A>):
<I>The Lord has a controversy with the nations;</I> he has just cause
to contend with them, and he will take this way of pleading with them.
His quarrel with them is, in one word, for their wickedness, their
contempt of him, and his authority over them and kindness to them.
<I>He will give those that are wicked to the sword.</I> They have
provoked God to anger, and thence comes all this destruction; it is
<I>because of the fierce anger of the Lord</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:37,38"><I>v.</I> 37 and again <I>v.</I> 38</A>),
the <I>fierceness of the oppressor,</I> or (as it might better be read)
<I>the fierceness of the oppressing sword</I> (for the word is
feminine) is <I>because of his fierce anger;</I> and we are sure that
he is never angry without cause; but <I>who knows the power of his
anger?</I>
3. The alarm is here given and taken: <I>A noise will come even to the
ends of the earth,</I> so loud shall it roar, so far shall it reach,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:31"><I>v.</I> 31</A>.
The alarm is not given by sound of trumpet, or beat of drum, but by a
<I>whirlwind, a great whirlwind, storm,</I> or <I>tempest,</I> which
shall be <I>raised up from the coasts,</I> the remote coasts <I>of the
earth,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:32"><I>v.</I> 32</A>.
The Chaldean army shall be like a hurricane raised in the north, but
thence carried on with incredible fierceness and swiftness, bearing
down all before it. It is like the whirlwind out of which God answered
Job, which was exceedingly terrible,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+37:1,38:1">Job xxxvii. 1; xxxviii. 1</A>.
And, when the wrath of God thus roars like a lion from heaven, no
marvel if it be echoed with shrieks from earth; for who can choose but
tremble when God thus speaks in displeasure? See
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ho+11:10">Hosea xi. 10</A>.
Now the shepherds shall <I>howl and cry,</I> the kings, and princes,
and the great ones of the earth, the <I>principal of the flock.</I>
They used to be the most courageous and secure, but now their hearts
shall fail them; <I>they shall wallow themselves in the ashes,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:34"><I>v.</I> 34</A>.
Seeing themselves utterly unable to make head against the enemy, and
seeing their country, which they have the charge of and a concern for,
inevitably ruined, they shall abandon themselves to sorrow. There shall
be <I>a voice of the cry of the shepherds,</I> and a <I>howling of the
principal of the flock shall be heard,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:36"><I>v.</I> 36</A>.
Those are great calamities indeed that strike such a terror upon the
great men, and put them into this consternation. <I>The Lord hath
spoiled their pasture,</I> in which they fed their flock, and out of
which they fed themselves; the spoiling of that makes them cry-out
thus. Perhaps, carrying on the metaphor of a lion roaring, it alludes
to the great fright that shepherds are in when they hear a roaring lion
coming towards their flocks, and find they have <I>no way to flee</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:35"><I>v.</I> 35</A>)
for their own safety, neither can the <I>principal of their flock
escape.</I> The enemy will be so numerous, so furious, so sedulous, and
the extent of their armies so vast, that it will be impossible to avoid
falling into their hands. Note, As we cannot out-face, so we cannot
out-run, the judgments of God. This is that for which the shepherds
<I>howl and cry.</I>
4. The progress of this war is here described
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:32"><I>v.</I> 32</A>):
<I>Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation;</I> as the cup
goes round, every nation shall have its share and take warning by the
calamities of another to repent and reform. Nay, as if this ere to be
a little representation of the last and general judgment, it shall
reach <I>from one end of the earth even unto the other end of the
earth,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:33"><I>v.</I> 33</A>.
The day of vengeance is in his heart, and now <I>his hand shall find
out all his enemies,</I> wherever they are,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+21:8">Ps. xxi. 8</A>.
Note, When our neighbour's house is on fire it is time to be concerned
for our own. When one nation is a seat of war every neighbouring
nation should hear, and fear, and make its peace with God.
5. The dismal consequences of this war are here foretold: <I>The days
of slaughter and dispersions are accomplished,</I> that is, they are
fully come
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:34"><I>v.</I> 34</A>),
the time fixed in the divine counsel for the slaughter of some and the
dispersion of the rest, which will make the nations completely
desolate. Multitudes shall fall by the sword of the merciless
Chaldeans, so that <I>the slain of the Lord</I> shall be every where
found: they are slain by commission from him, and are sacrificed to his
justice. The slain for sin are the <I>slain of the Lord.</I> To
complete the misery of their slaughter, <I>they shall not be
lamented</I> in particular, so general shall the matter of lamentation
be. Nay, they shall not <I>be gathered</I> up, nor <I>buried,</I> for
they shall have no friends left to bury them, and the enemies shall not
have so much humanity in them as to do it; and then they shall be <I>as
dung upon the earth,</I> so vile and noisome: and it is well if, as
dung manures the earth and makes it fruitful, so these horrid
spectacles, which lie as monuments of divine justice, might be a means
to awaken the inhabitants of the earth to <I>learn righteousness.</I>
The effect of this war will be the <I>desolation of the whole land</I>
that is the seat of it
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:38"><I>v.</I> 38</A>),
one land after another. But here are two expressions more that seem to
make the case in a particular manner piteous.
(1.) <I>You shall fall like a pleasant vessel,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+25:34"><I>v.</I> 34</A>.
The most desirable persons among them, who most valued themselves and
were most valued, who were looked upon as <I>vessels of honour,</I>
shall fall by the sword. You shall fall as a Venice glass or a China
dish, which is soon broken all to pieces. Even the tender and delicate
shall share in the common calamity; the sword devours one as well as
another.
(2.) Even <I>the peaceable habitations are cut down.</I> Those that
used to be quiet, and not molested, the habitations in which you have
long dwelt in peace, shall now be no longer such, but <I>cut down</I>
by the war. Or, Those who used to be quiet, and not molesting any of
their neighbours, those who lived in peace, easily, and gave no
provocation to any, even those shall not escape. This is one of the
direful effects of war, that even those who were most harmless and
inoffensive suffer hard things. Blessed be God, there is a
<I>peaceable habitation</I> above for all the sons of peace, which is
out of the reach of fire and sword.</P>
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