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Matthew Henry<BR><I>Commentary on the Whole Bible</I> (1710)
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<BR><FONT SIZE=+3><B>J O B</B></FONT>
<BR>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+2>CHAP. XXVI.</FONT>
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<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
This is Job's short reply to Bildad's short discourse, in which he is
so far from contradicting him that he confirms what he had said, and
out-does him in magnifying God and setting forth his power, to show
what reason he had still to say, as he did
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+13:2"><I>ch.</I> xiii. 2</A>),
"What you know, the same do I know also."
I. He shows that Bildad's discourse was foreign to the matter he was
discoursing of--though very true and good, yet not to the purpose,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:2-4">ver. 2-4</A>.
II. That it was needless to the person he was discoursing with; for he
knew it, and believed it, and could speak of it as well as he and
better, and could add to the proofs which he had produced of God's
power and greatness, which he does in the rest of his discourse
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:5-15">ver. 5-13</A>),
concluding that, when they had both said what they could, all came
short of the merit of the subject and it was still far from being
exhausted,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:14">ver. 14</A>.</P>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>Job's Reproof of Bildad.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 1520.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
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<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<FONT SIZE=+1>1 But Job answered and said,
&nbsp; 2 How hast thou helped <I>him that is</I> without power? <I>how</I>
savest thou the arm <I>that hath</I> no strength?
&nbsp; 3 How hast thou counselled <I>him that hath</I> no wisdom? and <I>how</I>
hast thou plentifully declared the thing as it is?
&nbsp; 4 To whom hast thou uttered words? and whose spirit came from
thee?
</FONT></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
One would not have thought that Job, when he was in so much pain and
misery, could banter his friend as he does here and make himself merry
with the impertinency of his discourse. Bildad thought that he had made
a fine speech, that the matter was so weighty, and the language so
fine, that he had gained the reputation both of an oracle and of an
orator; but Job peevishly enough shows that his performance was not so
valuable as he thought it and ridicules him for it. He shows,</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
I. That there was no great matter to be found in it
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:3"><I>v.</I> 3</A>):
<I>How hast thou plentifully declared the thing as it is?</I> This is
spoken ironically, upbraiding Bildad with the good conceit he himself
had of what he had said.
1. He thought he had spoken very clearly, had <I>declared the thing as
it is.</I> He was very fond (as we are all apt to be) of his own
notions, and thought they only were right, and true, and intelligible,
and all other notions of the thing were false, mistaken, and confused;
whereas, when we speak of the glory of God, we cannot declare the thing
as it is, for we see it through a glass darkly, or but by reflection,
and shall not see him as he is till we come to heaven. Here <I>we
cannot order our speech concerning him,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+37:19"><I>ch.</I> xxxvii. 19</A>.
2. He thought he had spoken very fully, though in few words, that he
had plentifully declared it, and, alas! it was but poorly and scantily
that he declared it, in comparison with the vast compass and
copiousness of the subject.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
II. That there was no great use to be made of it. <I>Cui
bono</I>--<I>What good hast thou done</I> by all that thou hast said?
<I>How hast thou,</I> with all this mighty flourish, <I>helped him that
is without power?</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:2"><I>v.</I> 2</A>.
<I>How hast thou,</I> with thy grave dictates, <I>counselled</I> him
<I>that has no wisdom?</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:3"><I>v.</I> 3</A>.
Job would convince him,
1. That he had done God no service by it, nor made him in the least
beholden to him. It is indeed our duty, and will be our honour, to
speak on God's behalf; but we must not think that he needs our service,
or is indebted to us for it, nor will he accept it if it come from a
spirit of contention and contradiction, and not from a sincere regard
to God's glory.
2. That he had done his cause no service by it. He thought his friends
were mightily beholden to him for helping them, at a dead lift, to make
their part good against Job, when they were quite at a loss, and had no
strength, no wisdom. Even weak disputants, when warm, are apt to think
truth more beholden to them than it really is.
3. That he had done him no service by it. He pretended to convince,
instruct, and comfort, Job; but, alas! what he had said was so little
to the purpose that it would not avail to rectify any mistakes, nor to
assist him either in bearing his afflictions or in getting good by
them: "<I>To whom has thou uttered words?</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:4"><I>v.</I> 4</A>.
Was it to me that thou didst direct thy discourse? And dost thou take
me for such a child as to need these instructions? Or dost thou think
them proper for one in my condition?" Every thing that is true and good
is not suitable and seasonable. To one that was humbled, and broken,
and grieved in spirit, as Job was, he ought to have preached of the
grace and mercy of God, rather than of his greatness and majesty, to
have laid before him the consolations rather than the terrors of the
Almighty. Christ knows how to speak what is proper for the weary
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+50:4">Isa. l. 4</A>),
and his ministers should learn rightly to divide the word of truth, and
not make those sad whom God would not have made sad, as Bildad did; and
therefore Job asks him, <I>Whose spirit came from thee?</I> that is,
"What troubled soul would ever be revived, and relieved, and brought to
itself, by such discourses as these?" Thus are we often disappointed in
our expectations from our friends who should comfort us, but the
Comforter, who is the Holy Ghost, never mistakes in his operations nor
misses of his end.</P>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=+1><I>The Wisdom and Power of God.</I></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT SIZE=-1>B. C.</FONT> 1520.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2><HR SIZE=1></TD></TR>
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<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<FONT SIZE=+1>5 Dead <I>things</I> are formed from under the waters, and the
inhabitants thereof.
&nbsp; 6 Hell <I>is</I> naked before him, and destruction hath no covering.
&nbsp; 7 He stretcheth out the north over the empty place, <I>and</I>
hangeth the earth upon nothing.
&nbsp; 8 He bindeth up the waters in his thick clouds; and the cloud
is not rent under them.
&nbsp; 9 He holdeth back the face of his throne, <I>and</I> spreadeth his
cloud upon it.
&nbsp; 10 He hath compassed the waters with bounds, until the day and
night come to an end.
&nbsp; 11 The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his
reproof.
&nbsp; 12 He divideth the sea with his power, and by his understanding
he smiteth through the proud.
&nbsp; 13 By his spirit he hath garnished the heavens; his hand hath
formed the crooked serpent.
&nbsp; 14 Lo, these <I>are</I> parts of his ways: but how little a portion
is heard of him? but the thunder of his power who can understand?
</FONT></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
The truth received a great deal of light from the dispute between Job
and his friends concerning those points about which they differed; but
now they are upon a subject in which they were all agreed, the infinite
glory and power of God. How does truth triumph, and how brightly does
it shine, when there appears no other strife between the contenders
than which shall speak most highly and honourably of God and be most
copious in showing forth his praise! It were well if all disputes about
matters of religion might end thus, in <I>glorifying God</I> as Lord of
all, and our Lord, <I>with one mind and one mouth</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ro+15:6">Rom. xv. 6</A>);
for to that we have all attained, in that we are all agreed.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
I. Many illustrious instances are here given of the wisdom and power of
God in the creation and preservation of the world.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
1. If we look about us, to the earth and waters here below, we shall
see striking instances of omnipotence, which we may gather out of these
verses.
(1.) <I>He hangs the earth upon nothing,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:7"><I>v.</I> 7</A>.
The vast terraqueous globe neither rests upon any pillars nor hangs
upon any axle-tree, and yet, by the almighty power of God, is firmly
fixed in its place, poised with its own weight. The art of man could
not hang a feather upon nothing, yet the divine wisdom hangs the whole
earth so. It is <I>ponderibus librata suis--poised by its own
weight,</I> so says the poet; it is <I>upheld by the word of God's
power,</I> so says the apostle. What is hung upon nothing may serve us
to set our feet on, and bear the weight of our bodies, but it will
never serve us to set our hearts on, nor bear the weight of our souls.
(2.) He <I>sets bounds to the waters of the sea,</I> and compasses them
in
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:10"><I>v.</I> 10</A>),
that they may not <I>return to cover the earth;</I> and these bounds
shall continue unmoved, unshaken, unworn, <I>till the day and night
come to an end,</I> when time shall be no more. Herein appears the
dominion which Providence has over the raging waters of the sea, and so
it is an instance of his power,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Jer+5:22">Jer. v. 22</A>.
We see too the care which Providence takes of the poor sinful
inhabitants of the earth, who, though obnoxious to his justice and
lying at his mercy, are thus preserved from being overwhelmed, as they
were once by the waters of a flood, and will continue to be so, because
they are reserved unto fire.
(3.) He <I>forms dead things under the waters. Rephaim-giants, are
formed under the waters,</I> that is, vast creatures, of prodigious
bulk, as whales, giant-like creatures, among the innumerable
inhabitants of the water. So bishop Patrick.
(4.) By mighty storms and tempests he shakes the mountains, which are
here called <I>the pillars of heaven</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:11"><I>v.</I> 11</A>),
and even <I>divides the sea, and smites through its proud waves,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:12"><I>v.</I> 12</A>.
At the presence of the Lord the <I>sea flies</I> and the <I>mountains
skip,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:Ps+114:3,4">Ps. cxiv. 3, 4</A>.
See
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Hab+3:6">Hab. iii. 6</A>,
&c. A storm furrows the waters, and does, as it were, divide them; and
then a calm smites through the waves, and lays them flat again. See
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+89:9,10">Ps. lxxxix. 9, 10</A>.
Those who think Job lived at, or after, the time of Moses, apply this
to the dividing of the Red Sea before the children of Israel, and the
drowning of the Egyptians in it. <I>By his understanding he smiteth
through Rahab;</I> so the word is, and Rahab is often put for Egypt; as
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+87:4,Is+51:9">Ps. lxxxvii. 4; Isa. li. 9</A>.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
2. If we consider hell beneath, though it is out of our sight, yet we
may conceive the instances of God's power there. By <I>hell and
destruction</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:6"><I>v.</I> 6</A>)
we may understand the grave, and those who are buried in it, that they
are under the eye of God, though laid out of our sight, which may
strengthen our belief of the resurrection of the dead. God knows where
to find, and whence to fetch, all the scattered atoms of the consumed
body. We may also consider them as referring to the place of the
damned, where the separate souls of the wicked are in misery and
torment. That is hell and destruction, which are said to be <I>before
the Lord</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Pr+15:11">Prov. xv. 11</A>),
and here to be <I>naked before him,</I> to which it is probable there
is an allusion,
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Re+14:10">Rev. xiv. 10</A>,
where sinners are to be tormented <I>in the presence of the holy
angels</I> (who attended the Shechinah) and <I>in the presence of the
Lamb.</I> And this may give light to
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:5"><I>v.</I> 5</A>,
which some ancient versions read thus (and I think more agreeably to
the signification of the word <I>Rephaim): Behold, the giants groan
under the waters, and those that dwell with them;</I> and then follows,
<I>Hell is naked before him,</I> typified by the drowning of the giants
of the old world; so the learned Mr. Joseph Mede understands it, and
with it illustrates
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Pr+21:16">Prov. xxi. 16</A>,
where hell is called <I>the congregation of the dead;</I> and it is the
same word which is here used, and which he would there have rendered
<I>the congregation of the giants,</I> in allusion to the drowning of
the sinners of the old world. And is there any thing in which the
majesty of God appears more dreadful than in the eternal ruin of the
ungodly and the groans of the inhabitants of the land of darkness?
Those that will not with angels fear and worship shall for ever with
devils fear and tremble; and God therein will be glorified.</P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
3. If we look up to heaven above, we shall see instances of God's
sovereignty and power.
(1.) <I>He stretches out the north over the empty place,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:7"><I>v.</I> 7</A>.
So he did at first, when <I>he stretched out the heavens like a
curtain</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+104:2">Ps. civ. 2</A>);
and he still continues to keep them stretched out, and will do so till
the general conflagration, when they shall be <I>rolled together as a
scroll,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Re+6:14">Rev. vi. 14</A>.
He mentions the north because his country (as ours) lay in the northern
hemisphere; and the air is the empty place over which it is stretched
out. See
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+89:12">Ps. lxxxix. 12</A>.
What an empty place is this world in comparison with the other!
(2.) He keeps the waters that are said to be <I>above the firmament</I>
from pouring down upon the earth, as once they did
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:8"><I>v.</I> 8</A>):
<I>He binds up the waters in his thick clouds,</I> as if they were tied
closely in a bag, till there is occasion to use them; and,
notwithstanding the vast weight of water so raised and laid up, yet
<I>the cloud is not rent under them,</I> for then they would burst and
pour out as a spout; but they do, as it were, distil through the cloud,
and so come drop by drop, in mercy to the earth, in small rain, or
great rain, as he pleases.
(3.) He conceals the glory of the upper world, the dazzling lustre of
which we poor mortals could not bear
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:9"><I>v.</I> 9</A>):
<I>He holds back the face of his throne,</I> that light in which he
dwells, <I>and spreads a cloud upon it,</I> through which <I>he
judges,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+22:13"><I>ch.</I> xxii. 13</A>.
God will have us to live by faith, not by sense; for this is agreeable
to a state of probation. It were not a fair trial if the face of God's
throne were visible now as it will be in the great day.</P>
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER=0>
<TR><TD>Lest his high throne, above expression bright,
<BR>With deadly glory should oppress our sight,
<BR>To break the dazzling force he draws a screen
<BR>Of sable shades, and spreads his clouds between.
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=RIGHT>Sir R. B<FONT SIZE=-1>LACKMORE</FONT>.
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
(4.) The bright ornaments of heaven are the work of his hands
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:13"><I>v.</I> 13</A>):
<I>By his Spirit,</I> the eternal Spirit that moved upon the face of
the waters, <I>the breath of his mouth</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+33:6">Ps. xxxiii. 6</A>),
<I>he has garnished the heavens,</I> not only made them, but beautified
them, has curiously bespangled them with stars by night and painted
them with the light of the sun by day. God, having made man to look
upward (<I>Os homini sublime dedit</I>--<I>To man he gave an erect
countenance</I>), has <I>therefore</I> garnished the heavens, to invite
him to look upward, that, by pleasing his eye with the dazzling light
of the sun and the sparkling light of the stars, their number, order,
and various magnitudes, which, as so many golden studs, beautify the
canopy drawn over our heads, he may be led to admire the great Creator,
the Father and fountain of lights, and to say, "If the pavement be so
richly inlaid, what must the palace be! If the visible heavens be so
glorious, what are those that are out of sight!" From the beauteous
garniture of the ante-chamber we may infer the precious furniture of
the presence-chamber. If stars be so bright, what are angels! What is
meant here by <I>the crooked serpent</I> which his hands have formed is
not certain. Some make it part of the garnishing of the heavens, the
milky-way, say some; some particular constellation, so called, say
others. It is the same word that is used for leviathan
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Isa+27:1">Isa. xxvii. 1</A>),
and probably may be meant of the whale or crocodile, in which appears
much of the power of the Creator; and why may not Job conclude with
that inference, when God himself does so?
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+41:1-34"><I>ch.</I> xli.</A></P>
<P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
II. He concludes, at last, with an awful <I>et c&aelig;tera</I>
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+26:14"><I>v.</I> 14</A>):
<I>Lo, these are parts of his ways,</I> the out-goings of his wisdom
and power, the ways in which he walks and by which he makes himself
known to the children of men. Here,
1. He acknowledges, with adoration, the discoveries that were made of
God. These things which he himself had said, and which Bildad had said,
are his ways, and this is heard of him; this is something of God. But,
2. He admires the depth of that which is undiscovered. This that we
have said is but part of his ways, a small part. What we know of God is
nothing in comparison with what is in God and what God is. After all
the discoveries which God has made to us, and all the enquiries we have
made after God, still we are much in the dark concerning him, and must
conclude, <I>Lo, these are but parts of his ways.</I> Something we hear
of him by his works and by his word; but, alas! <I>how little a portion
is heard of him?</I> heard by us, heard from us! We know but in part;
we prophesy but in part. When we have said all we can, concerning God,
we must even do as St. Paul does
(<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ro+11:33">Rom. xi. 33</A>);
despairing to find the bottom, we must sit down at the brink, and adore
the depth: <I>O the depth of the wisdom and knowledge of God!</I> It is
but a little portion that we hear and know of God in our present state.
He is infinite and incomprehensible; our understandings and capacities
are weak and shallow, and the full discoveries of the divine glory are
reserved for the future state. Even <I>the thunder of his power</I>
(that is, his powerful thunder), one of the lowest of his ways here in
our own region, we cannot understand. See
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Job+37:4,5"><I>ch.</I> xxxvii. 4, 5</A>.
Much less can we understand the utmost force and extent of his power,
the terrible efforts and operations of it, and particularly <I>the
power of his anger,</I>
<A HREF="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?version=KJV&passage=Ps+90:11">Ps. xc. 11</A>.
God is great, and we know him not.</P>
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