# Chapter Introduction

It is supposed that David penned this psalm in Saul's reign, when there was a general decay of honesty and piety both in court and country, which he here complains of to God, and very feelingly, for he himself suffered by the treachery of his false friends and the insolence of his sworn enemies. 

1. He begs help of God, because there were none among men whom he durst trust, [[Psalms 12#1..2]]. 
2. He foretels the destruction of his proud and threatening enemies, [[Psalms 12#3..4]]. 
3. He assures himself and others that, how ill soever things went now ([[Psalms 12#8]]), God would preserve and secure to himself his own people ([[Psalms 12#5]]; [[Psalms 12#7]]), and would certainly make good his promises to them, [[Psalms 12#6]]. Whether this psalm was penned in Saul's reign or no, it is certainly calculated for a bad reign; and perhaps David, in spirit foresaw that some of his successors would bring things to as bad a pass as is here described, and treasured up this psalm for the use of the church then. "O tempora, O mores!-- Oh the times! Oh the manners!"

# Complaints of the Times.
To the chief musician upon Sheminith. A psalm of David.


## Verses: 1 - 8
1 Help, Lord; for the godly man ceaseth; for the faithful fail from among the children of men.   2 They speak vanity every one with his neighbour: with flattering lips and with a double heart do they speak.   3 The Lord shall cut off all flattering lips, and the tongue that speaketh proud things:   4 Who have said, With our tongue will we prevail; our lips are our own: who is lord over us?   5 For the oppression of the poor, for the sighing of the needy, now will I arise, saith the Lord; I will set him in safety from him that puffeth at him.   6 The words of the Lord are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times.   7 Thou shalt keep them, O Lord, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.   8 The wicked walk on every side, when the vilest men are exalted.

This psalm furnishes us with good thoughts for bad times, in which, though the prudent will keep silent ([[Amos 5#13]]) because a man may then be made an offender for a word, yet we may comfort ourselves with such suitable meditations and prayers as are here got ready to our hand.

1. Let us see here what it is that makes the times bad, and when they may be said to be so. Ask the children of this world what it is in their account that makes the times bad, and they will tell you, Scarcity of money, decay of trade, and the desolations of war, make the times bad. But the scripture lays the badness of the times upon causes of another nature. [[2 Timothy 3#1]], *Perilous times shall come,* for iniquity shall abound; and that is the thing David here complains of.
	1. When there is a general decay of piety and honesty among men the times are then truly bad ([[Psalms 12#1]]): *When the godly man ceases and the faithful fail.* Observe how these two characters are here put together, the godly and the faithful. As there is no true policy, so there is no true piety, without honesty. Godly men are faithful men, *fast* men, so they have sometimes been called; their word is as confirming as their oath, as binding as their bond; they make conscience of being true both to God and man. They are here said to cease and fail, either by death or by desertion, or by both. Those that were godly and faithful were taken away, and those that were left had sadly degenerated and were not what they had been; so that there were few or no good people that were Israelites indeed to be met with. Perhaps he meant that there were no godly faithful men among Saul's courtiers; if he meant there were few or none in Israel, we hope he was under the same mistake that Elijah was, who thought he only was left alone, when God had 7000 who kept their integrity ([[Romans 11#3]]); or he meant that there were few in comparison; there was a general decay of religion and virtue (and the times are bad, very bad, when it is so), not a man to be found that executes judgment, [[Jeremiah 5#1]].
	2. When dissimulation and flattery have corrupted and debauched all conversation, then the times are very bad ([[Psalms 12#2]]), when men are generally so profligate that they make no conscience of a lie, are so spiteful as to design against their neighbours the worst of mischiefs, and yet so base as to cover the design with the most specious and plausible pretences and professions of friendship. Thus *they speak vanity* (that is, falsehood and a lie) *every one to his neighbour, with flattering lips and a double heart.* They will kiss and kill (as Joab did Abner and Amasa in David's own time), will smile in your face and cut your throat. This is the devil's image complete, a complication of malice and falsehood. The times are bad indeed when there is no such thing as sincerity to be met with, when an honest man knows not whom to believe nor whom to trust, nor dares put confidence in a friend, in a guide, [[Micah 7#5..6]]; [[Jeremiah 9#4..5]]. Woe to those who help to make the times thus perilous.
	3. When the enemies of God, and religion, and religious people, are impudent and daring, and threaten to run down all that is just and sacred, then the times are very bad, when proud sinners have arrived at such a pitch of impiety as to say, "*With our tongue will we prevail* against the cause of virtue; *our lips are our own* and we may say what we will; *who is lord over us,* either to restrain us or to call us to an account?" [[Psalms 12#4]]. This bespeaks, 
		1. A proud conceit of themselves and confidence in themselves, as if the point were indeed gained by eating forbidden fruit, and they were as gods, independent and self-sufficient, infallible in their knowledge of good and evil and therefore fit to be oracles, irresistible in their power and therefore fit to be lawgivers, that could prevail with their tongues, and, like God himself, speak and it is done. 
		2. An insolent contempt of God's dominion as if he had no propriety in them-- *Our lips are our own* (an unjust pretension, for who made man's mouth, in whose hand is his breath, and whose is the air he breathes in?) and as if he had no authority either to command them or to judge them: *Who is Lord over us?* Like Pharaoh, [[Exodus 5#1]]. This is as absurd and unreasonable as the former; for he in whom we live, and move, and have our being, must needs be, by an indisputable title, Lord over us.
	4. When the poor and needy are oppressed, and abused, and puffed at, then the times are very bad. This is implied ([[Psalms 12#5]]) where God himself takes notice of *the oppression of the poor* and *the sighing of the needy;* they are oppressed because they are poor, have all manner of wrong done them merely because they are not in a capacity to right themselves. Being thus oppressed, they dare not speak for themselves, lest their defence should be made their offence; but they sigh, secretly bemoaning their calamities, and pouring out their souls in sighs before God. If their oppressors be spoken to on their behalf, they puff at them, make light of their own sin and the misery of the poor, and lay neither to heart; see [[Psalms 10#5]].
	5. When wickedness abounds, and goes barefaced, under the protection and countenance of those in authority, then the times are very bad, [[Psalms 12#8]]. *When the vilest men are exalted* to places of trust and power (who, instead of putting the laws in execution against vice and injustice and punishing the wicked according to their merits, patronise and protect them, give them countenance, and support their reputation by their own example), then *the wicked walk on every side;* they swarm in all places, and go up and down seeking to deceive, debauch, and destroy others; they are neither afraid nor ashamed to discover themselves; they declare their sin as Sodom and there is none to check or control them. Bad men are base men, the vilest of men, and they are so though they are ever so highly exalted in this world. Antiochus the illustrious the scripture calls *a vile person,*[[Daniel 11#21]]. But it is bad with a kingdom when such are preferred; no marvel if wickedness then grows impudent and insolent. *When the wicked bear rule the people mourn.*
2. Let us now see what good thoughts we are here furnished with for such bad times; and what times we may yet be reserved for we cannot tell. When times are thus bad it is comfortable to think,
	1. That we have a God to go to, from whom we may ask and expect the redress of all our grievances. This he begins with ([[Psalms 12#1]]): "*Help, Lord, for the godly man ceaseth.* All other helps and helpers fail; even the godly and faithful, who should lend a helping hand to support the dying cause of religion, are gone, and therefore whither shall we seek but to thee?" Note, When godly faithful people cease and fail it is time to cry, *Help, Lord!* The abounding of iniquity threatens a deluge. "Help, Lord, help the virtuous; few seek to hold fast their integrity, and to stand in the gap; help to save thy own interest in the world from sinking. *It is time for thee, Lord, to work.*"
	2. That God will certainly reckon with false and proud men, and will punish and restrain their insolence. They are above the control of men and set them at defiance. Men cannot discover the falsehood of flatterers, nor humble the haughtiness of those that speak proud things; but the righteous God will *cut off all flattering lips,* that give the traitor's kiss and speak words softer then oil when war is in the heart; he will pluck out *the tongue that speaks proud things* against God and religion, [[Psalms 12#3]]. Some translate it as a prayer, "May God cut off those false and spiteful lips." *Let lying lips be put to silence.*
	3. That God will, in due time, work deliverance for his oppressed people, and shelter them from the malicious designs of their persecutors ([[Psalms 12#5]]): *Now, will I arise, saith the Lord.* This promise of God, which David here delivered by the spirit of prophecy, is an answer to that petition which he put up to God by the spirit of prayer. "Help, Lord," says he; "I will," says God; "here I am, with seasonable and effectual help." 
		1. It is seasonable, in the fittest time. 
			1. When the oppressors are in the height of their pride and insolence-- when they say, *Who is lord over us?*-- then is God's time to let them know, to their cost, that he is above them. 
			2. When the oppressed are in the depth of their distress and despondency, when they are sighing like Israel in Egypt by reason of the cruel bondage, then is God's time to appear for them, as for Israel when they were most dejected and Pharaoh was most elevated. *Now will I arise.* Note, There is a time fixed for the rescue of oppressed innocency; that time will come, and we may be sure it is the fittest time, [[Psalms 102#13]]. 
		2. It is effectual: *I will set him in safety,* or in salvation, not only protect him, but restore him to his former prosperity, will *bring him out into a wealthy place* ([[Psalms 66#12]]), so that, upon the whole, he shall lose nothing by his sufferings.
	4. That, though men are false, God is faithful; though they are not to be trusted, God is. They speak vanity and flattery, but *the words of the Lord are pure words* ([[Psalms 12#6]]), not only all true, but all pure, like silver tried in a furnace of earth or a crucible. It denotes, 
		1. The sincerity of God's word, every thing is really as it is there represented and not otherwise; it does not jest with us, not impose upon us, nor has it any other design towards us than our own good. 
		2. The preciousness of God's word; it is of great and intrinsic value, like silver refined to the highest degree; it has nothing in it to depreciate it. 
		3. The many proofs that have been given of its power and truth; it has been often tried, all the saints in all ages have trusted it and so tried it, and it never deceived them nor frustrated their expectation, but they have all set to their seal that God's word is true, with an *Experto crede-- Trust one that has made trial;* they have found it so. Probably this refers especially to these promises of succouring and relieving the poor and oppressed. Their friends put them in hopes that they will do something for them, and yet prove a broken reed; but the words of God are what we may rely upon; and the less confidence is to be put in men's words let us with the more assurance trust in God's word.
	5. That God will secure his chosen remnant to himself, how bad soever the times are ([[Psalms 12#7]]): *Thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.* This intimates that, as long as the world stands, there will be a generation of proud and wicked men in it, more or less, who will threaten by their wretched arts to ruin religion, by *wearing out the saints of the Most High,*[[Daniel 7#25]]. But let God alone to maintain his own interest and to preserve his own people. He will keep them from this generation, 
		1. From being debauched by them and drawn away from God, from mingling with them and learning their works. In times of general apostasy the Lord knows those that are his, and they shall be enabled to keep their integrity. 
		2. From being destroyed and rooted out by them. The church is built upon a rock, and so well fortified that the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. In the worst of times God has his remnant, and in every age will reserve to himself a holy seed and preserve that to his heavenly kingdom.
In singing this psalm, and praying it over, we must bewail the general corruption of manners, thank God that things are not worse than they are, but pray and hope that they will be better in God's due time.