# Chapter Introduction

This chapter, and that which follows it, are concerning Gog and Magog, a powerful enemy to the people of Israel, that should make a formidable descent upon them, and put them into a consternation, but their army should be routed and their design defeated; and this prophecy, it is most probable, had its accomplishment some time after the return of the people of Israel out of their captivity, whether in the struggles they had with the kings of Syria, especially Antiochus Epiphanes, or perhaps in some other way not recorded, we cannot tell. If the sacred history of the Old Testament had reached as far as the prophecy, we should have been better able to understand these chapters, but, for want of that key, we are locked out of the meaning of them. God had by the prophet assured his people of happy times after their return to their own land; but lest they should mistake the promises which related to the kingdom of the Messiah and the spiritual privileges of that kingdom, as if from them they might promise themselves an uninterrupted temporal prosperity, he here tells them, as Christ told his disciples to prevent the like mistake, that in the world they shall have tribulation, but they may be of good cheer, for they shall be victorious at last. This prophecy here of Gog and Magog is without doubt alluded to in that prophecy which relates to the latter days, and which seems to be yet unfulfilled ([[Revelation 20#8]]), that Gog and Magog shall be gathered to battle against the camp of the saints, as the Old-Testament prophecies of the destruction of Babylon are alluded to, [[Revelation 18#1..24]] But, in both, the Old-Testament prophecies had their accomplishment in the Jewish church as the New-Testament prophecies shall have when the time comes in the Christian church. In this chapter we have intermixed, 

1. The attempt that Gog and Magog should make upon the land of Israel, the vast army they should bring into the field, and their vast preparations ([[Ezekiel 38#4..7]]), their project and design in it ([[Ezekiel 38#8..13]]), God's hand in it, [[Ezekiel 38#4]]. 
2. The great terror that this should strike upon the land of Israel, [[Ezekiel 38#15..16]]; [[Ezekiel 38#18..20]]. 
3. The divine restraint that these enemies should be under, and the divine protection that Israel should be under, [[Ezekiel 38#2..4]]; [[Ezekiel 38#14]]. 
4. The defeat that should be given to those enemies by the immediate hand of God ([[Ezekiel 38#21..23]]), which we shall hear more of in the next chapter.

# The Judgment of Gog and Magog. (b. c. 585.)

## Verses: 1 - 13
1 And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,   2 Son of man, set thy face against Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy against him,   3 And say, Thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal:   4 And I will turn thee back, and put hooks into thy jaws, and I will bring thee forth, and all thine army, horses and horsemen, all of them clothed with all sorts of armour, even a great company with bucklers and shields, all of them handling swords:   5 Persia, Ethiopia, and Libya with them; all of them with shield and helmet:   6 Gomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah of the north quarters, and all his bands: and many people with thee.   7 Be thou prepared, and prepare for thyself, thou, and all thy company that are assembled unto thee, and be thou a guard unto them.   8 After many days thou shalt be visited: in the latter years thou shalt come into the land that is brought back from the sword, and is gathered out of many people, against the mountains of Israel, which have been always waste: but it is brought forth out of the nations, and they shall dwell safely all of them.   9 Thou shalt ascend and come like a storm, thou shalt be like a cloud to cover the land, thou, and all thy bands, and many people with thee.   10 Thus saith the Lord God; It shall also come to pass, that at the same time shall things come into thy mind, and thou shalt think an evil thought:   11 And thou shalt say, I will go up to the land of unwalled villages; I will go to them that are at rest, that dwell safely, all of them dwelling without walls, and having neither bars nor gates,   12 To take a spoil, and to take a prey; to turn thine hand upon the desolate places that are now inhabited, and upon the people that are gathered out of the nations, which have gotten cattle and goods, that dwell in the midst of the land.   13 Sheba, and Dedan, and the merchants of Tarshish, with all the young lions thereof, shall say unto thee, Art thou come to take a spoil? hast thou gathered thy company to take a prey? to carry away silver and gold, to take away cattle and goods, to take a great spoil?

The critical expositors have enough to do here to enquire out Gog and Magog. We cannot pretend either to add to their observations or to determine their controversies. Gog seems to be the king and Magog the kingdom; so that Gog and Magog are like Pharaoh and the Egyptians. Some think they find them afar off, in Scythia, Tartary, and Russia. Others think they find them nearer the land of Israel, in Syria, and Asia the Less. Ezekiel is appointed to prophesy against Gog, and to tell him that *God is against him,* [[Ezekiel 38#2..3]]. Note, God does not only see those that are now the enemies of his church and set himself against them, but he foresees those that will be so and lets them know by his word that he is against them too, and yet is pleased to make use of them to serve his own purposes, for the glory of his own name; surely *their wrath* shall *praise him,* and the *remainder thereof he will restrain,* [[Psalms 76#10]]. Let us observe here,

1. The confusion which God designed to put this enemy to. It is remarkable that this is put first in the prophecy; before it is foretold that God will *bring him forth* against Israel, it is foretold that God will *put hooks into his jaws* and *turn him back* ([[Ezekiel 38#4]]), that they might have assurance of their deliverance before they had the prospect given them of their danger. Thus tender is God of the comfort of his people, thus careful that they may not be frightened; even before the trouble begins he tells them it will end well.
2. The undertaking which he designed to engage him in, in order to this defeat and disappointment. 
	1. The nations that shall be confederate in this enterprise against Israel are many, and great, and mighty ([[Ezekiel 38#5..6]]), *Persia, Ethiopia,* &c. Antiochus had an army made up of all the nations here named, and many others. These people had been at variance with one another, and yet in combination against Israel. How are those increased that trouble God's people! 
	2. They are well furnished with arms and ammunition, and bring a good train of artillery into the field-- *horses and horsemen* ([[Ezekiel 38#4]]) bravely equipped *with all sorts of armour, bucklers and shields* for defence, *and all handling swords* for offence. Orders are given to make all imaginable preparation for this expedition ([[Ezekiel 38#7]]): "*Be thou prepared, and do thou prepare.* See what warlike preparations thou hast already in store, and, lest that should not suffice, make further preparation, *thou and all thy company,*" Let Gog himself be a guard to the rest of the confederates. As commander-in-chief, let him engage to take care of them and their safety; let him pass his word for their security, and take them under his particular protection. The leaders of an army, instead of exposing their soldiers needlessly and presumptuously, and throwing away their lives upon desperate undertakings, should study to be a guard to them, and, whenever they send them forth in danger, should contrive to support and cover them. This call to prepare seems to be ironical-- *Do thy worst,* but I will *turn thee back;* like that [[Isaiah 8#9]]. *Gird yourselves, and you shall be broken in pieces.* 3. Their design is against *the mountains of Israel* ([[Ezekiel 38#8]]), against *the land that is brought back from the sword.* It is not long since it was harassed with the sword of war, and it has been always wasted, more or less, with one judgment or other; it is but newly *gathered out of many people,* and *brought forth out of the nations;* it has enjoyed comparatively but a short breathing-time, has scarcely recovered any strength since it was brought down by war and captivity; and therefore its neighbours need not fear its being too great, nay, and therefore it is very barbarous to pick a quarrel with it so soon. It is a people that *dwell safely, all of them, in unwalled villages,* very secure, and *having neither bars nor gates,* [[Ezekiel 38#11]]. It is a certain sign that they intend no mischief to their neighbours, for they fear no mischief from them. It cannot be thought that those will offend others who do not take care to defend themselves; and this aggravates the sin of these invaders. It is base and barbarous to *devise evil against thy neighbour while he dwells securely by thee,* and has no distrust of thee, [[Proverbs 3#29]]. But see here how *the clouds return after the rain* in this world, and what little reason we have ever to be secure till we come to heaven. It is not long since Israel was brought back from the sword of one enemy, and behold the sword of another is drawn against it. Former troubles will not excuse us from further troubles; but when we think we have *put off the harness,* at least for some time, by a fresh and sudden alarm we may be called to *gird it on again;* and therefore we must never boast nor be off our guard. 
	4. That which the enemy has in view, in forming this project, is to enrich himself and to make himself master, not of the country, but of the wealth of it, to spoil and plunder it, and make a prey of it: *At the same* time that God intends to bring this matter about *things shall come into the mind* of this enemy, and *he shall think an evil thought,* [[Ezekiel 38#10]]. Note, All the mischief men do, and particularly the mischief they do to the church of God, arises from evil thoughts that come into their mind, ambitious thoughts, covetous thoughts, spiteful thoughts against those that are good, for the sake of their goodness. It came into Antiochus's mind what a singular people these religious Jews were, and how their worship witnessed against and condemned the idolatries of their neighbours, and therefore, in enmity to their religion, he would plague them. It came into his mind what a wealthy people they were, that they had *gotten cattle and goods in the midst of the land* ([[Ezekiel 38#12]]), and withal how weak they were, how unable to make any resistance, how easy it would be to carry off what they had, and how much glory this rapine would add to his victorious sword; these things coming into his mind, and one evil thought drawing on another, he came at last to this resolve ([[Ezekiel 38#11..12]]): "*I will go up to the land of unwalled villages;* yea, that I will; it will cost me nothing to make them all my own. I will go and disturb *those that are at rest,* without giving them any notice, not to crush their growing greatness, or chastise their insolence, or make reprisals upon them for any wrong they have done us (they had none of these pretences to make war upon them), but purely *to take a spoil and to take a prey*" ([[Ezekiel 38#12]]), in open defiance to all the laws of justice and equity, as much as the highwayman's killing the traveller that he may take his money. These were the thoughts that came into the mind of this wicked prince, and God knew them; nay, he knew them before they came into his mind, for he *understands our thoughts afar off,* [[Psalms 139#2]]. 
	5. According to the project thus formed he pours in all his forces upon the land of Israel, and finds those that are ready to come in to his assistance with the same prospects ([[Ezekiel 38#9]]): "*Thou shalt ascent and come like a storm,* with all the force, and fury, and fierceness imaginable, and *thou shalt be like a cloud to cover the land,* to darken it, and to threaten it, *thou and* not only *all thy bands,* all the force thou canst bring into the field, but *many people with thee*" (such as are spoken of [[Ezekiel 38#13]]), "*Sheba and Dedan,* the Arabians and the Edomites, *and the merchants of Tarshish,* of Tyre and Sidon and other maritime cities, they and their *young lions* that are greedy of spoil and live upon it, *shall say, Hast thou come to take the spoil* of this land?" Yes he has; and therefore they wish him success. Or perhaps they envy him, or grudge it to him. "Hast thou come for riches who art thyself so rich already?" Or, knowing that God was on Israel's side, they thus ridicule his attempts, foreseeing that they would be baffled and that he would be disappointed of the prey he promised himself. Or, if he come to *take the prey,* they will come and join with him, and add to his forces. When Lysias, who was general of Antiochus's army, came against the Jews, the neighbouring nations joined with him ([[1 Maccabees 3#41]]), to share in the guilt, in hopes to share in the prey. *When thou sawest a thief then thou consentedst with him.*

## Verses: 14 - 23
14 Therefore, son of man, prophesy and say unto Gog, Thus saith the Lord God; In that day when my people of Israel dwelleth safely, shalt thou not know it?   15 And thou shalt come from thy place out of the north parts, thou, and many people with thee, all of them riding upon horses, a great company, and a mighty army:   16 And thou shalt come up against my people of Israel, as a cloud to cover the land; it shall be in the latter days, and I will bring thee against my land, that the heathen may know me, when I shall be sanctified in thee, O Gog, before their eyes.   17 Thus saith the Lord God; Art thou he of whom I have spoken in old time by my servants the prophets of Israel, which prophesied in those days many years that I would bring thee against them?   18 And it shall come to pass at the same time when Gog shall come against the land of Israel, saith the Lord God, that my fury shall come up in my face.   19 For in my jealousy and in the fire of my wrath have I spoken, Surely in that day there shall be a great shaking in the land of Israel;   20 So that the fishes of the sea, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the field, and all creeping things that creep upon the earth, and all the men that are upon the face of the earth, shall shake at my presence, and the mountains shall be thrown down, and the steep places shall fall, and every wall shall fall to the ground.   21 And I will call for a sword against him throughout all my mountains, saith the Lord God: every man's sword shall be against his brother.   22 And I will plead against him with pestilence and with blood; and I will rain upon him, and upon his bands, and upon the many people that are with him, an overflowing rain, and great hailstones, fire, and brimstone.   23 Thus will I magnify myself, and sanctify myself; and I will be known in the eyes of many nations, and they shall know that I am the Lord.

This latter part of the chapter is a repetition of the former; the dream is doubled, for the thing is certain and to be very carefully regarded.

1. It is here again foretold that this spiteful enemy should make a formidable descent upon the land of Israel ([[Ezekiel 38#15]]): "*Thou shalt come out of the north parts* (Syria lay on the north of Canaan) with *a mighty army,* shalt come like *a cloud,* and *cover the land of my people Israel,*" [[Ezekiel 38#16]]. These words ([[Ezekiel 38#14]]), *When my people Israel dwell safely, shalt thou not know it?* may be taken two ways:-- 
	1. As intimating his inducements to this attempt. "Thou shalt have intelligence brought thee how securely, and therefore how carelessly, the people of Israel dwell, which shall give rise to thy project against them; for when thou knowest not only what a rich, but what an easy prey they are likely to be, thou wilt soon determine to fall upon them." Note, God's providence is to be acknowledged in the occasion, the small occasion perhaps, that is given, and that not designedly neither, to those first thoughts from which great enterprises take their original. God, to bring about his own purposes, lets men know that which yet he knows they will make a bad use of, as here. Or, 
	2. As intimating his disappointment in this attempt, which here, as before, the prophecy begins with: "*When my people Israel dwell safely,* not in their own apprehension only, but in reality, forasmuch as they dwell safely under the divine protection, shalt not thou be made to know it by the fruitlessness of thy endeavours to destroy them?" Thou shalt soon find that there is *no enchantment against Jacob,* that *no weapon formed against them shall prosper;* thou shalt know to thy cost, shalt know to thy shame, that though they have no walls, nor bars, nor gates, they have God himself, a *wall of fire, round about them,* and that he who *touches them touches the apple of his eye;* whosoever meddles with them meddles to his own hurt. And it is for the demonstrating of this to all the world that God will bring this mighty enemy against his people. Those that *gathered themselves against Israel* said, *Let us take the spoil and take they prey,* but they *knew not the thoughts of the Lord,* [[Micah 4#11..12]]. *I will bring thee against my land.* This is strange news, that God will not only permit his enemies to come against his own children, but will himself bring them; but, if we understand what he aims at, we shall be well reconciled even to this: it is "*that the heathen may know me* to be the only living and true God *when I shall be sanctified in thee,* O Gog! that is, in thy defeat and destruction *before their eyes,* that all the nations may see, and say, *There is none like unto the God of Jeshurun, that rides on the heavens for the help of his people.*" Note, God brings his people into danger and distress that he may have the honour of bringing about their deliverance, and suffers the enemies of his church to prevail awhile, though they profane his name by their sin, that he may have the honour of prevailing at last and sanctifying his own name in their ruin. Now it is said, This shall be *in the latter days,* namely, in the latter days of the Old-Testament church; so the mischief that Antiochus did to Israel was; but in the latter days of the New-Testament church another like enemy should arise, that should in like manner be defeated. Note, Effectual securities are treasured up in the word of God against the troubles and dangers the church may be brought into a great while hence, even in the latter days.
2. Reference is herein had to the predictions of the former prophets ([[Ezekiel 38#17]]): *Art thou he of whom I have spoken in old time,* of whom Moses spoke in his prophecy of the latter days ([[Deuteronomy 32#43]], *He will render vengeance to his adversaries),* and David, [[Psalms 9#15]] (*The heathen are sunk down into the pit that they made*) and often elsewhere in the Psalms? This is the leviathan of whom Isaiah spoke ([[Isaiah 27#1]]), that congress of the nations of which Joel spoke, [[Joel 3#1]]. Many of the prophets had perhaps spoken particularly of this event, though it be not written, as they all had spoken and written too that which is applicable to it. Note, There is an amiable admirable harmony and agreement between the Lord's prophets, though they lived in several ages, for they were all guided by one and the same Spirit.
3. It is here foretold that this furious formidable enemy should be utterly cut off in this attempt upon Israel, and that it should issue in his own ruin. This is supposed by many to have its accomplishment in the many defeats given by the Maccabees to the forces of Antiochus and the remarkable judgments of God executed upon his own person, for he died of sore diseases. But these things are here foretold, as usual, in figurative expressions, which we are not to look for the literal accomplishment of, and yet they might be fulfilled nearer the letter than we know of. 
	1. God will be highly displeased with this bold invader: *When he comes up* in pride and anger *against the land of Israel,* and thinks to carry all before him with a high hand, then *God's fury shall come up in his face,* which is an allusion to the manner of men, whose colour rises in their faces when some high affront is offered them and they are resolved to show their resentment of it, [[Ezekiel 38#18]]. God will speak against them in his *jealousy* for his people and in *the fire of his wrath* against his and their enemies, [[Ezekiel 38#19]]. See how God's permitting sin, his laying occasions of sin before men, and his making use of it to serve his own purposes, consist with his hatred of sin and his displeasure against it. God *brings this enemy against his land,* letting him know what an easy prey it might be and determining thereby to glorify himself; and yet, *when he comes against the land,* God's *fury comes up,* and *he speaks to him in the fire of his wrath.* If any ask, Why does he thus find fault? for who has resisted his will? It is easy to answer, *Nay, but, O man! who art thou that repliest against God?* 2. His forces shall be put into the greatest confusion and consternation imaginable ([[Ezekiel 38#19]]): *There shall be a great shaking of* them *in the land of Israel,* a universal concussion ([[Ezekiel 38#20]]), such as shall affect the *fishes* and *fowls,* the *beasts* and *creeping things,* and much more *the men that are upon the face of the earth,* who sooner receive impressions of fear. There shall be such an earthquake as shall *throw down* the *mountains,* those natural heights, and the *steep places,* towers and *walls,* those artificial heights; they shall all *fall to the ground.* Some understand this of the fright which the land of Israel should be put into by the fury of the enemy. But it is rather to be understood of the fright which the enemy should be put into by the wrath of God; all those things which they both raise themselves and stay themselves upon shall be shaken down, and their hearts shall fail them. 
	3. He shall be routed and utterly ruined; both earth and heaven shall be armed against him 
		1. The earth shall muster up its forces to destroy him. If the people of Israel have not strength and courage to resist him, God will *call for a sword against him,* [[Ezekiel 38#21]]. And he has swords always at command, that are *bathed in heaven,* [[Isaiah 35#5]]. Throughout all the mountains of Israel, where he hoped to meet with spoil to enrich him, he shall meet with swords to destroy him, and, rather than fail, *every man's sword shall be against his brother,* as in *the day of Midian,*[[Psalms 83#9]]. The great men of Syria shall undermine and overthrow one another, shall accuse one another, shall fight duels with one another. Note, God can, and often does, make the destroyers of his people to be their own destroyers and the destroyers of one another. However, he will himself be their destroyer, will take the work into his own hand, that it may be done thoroughly ([[Ezekiel 38#22]]): *I will plead against him with pestilence and blood.* Note, Whom God acts against he pleads against; he shows them the ground of his controversy with them, that their mouths may be stopped, and he may be clear when he judges. 
		2. The artillery of heaven shall also be drawn out against them: *I will rain upon him an overflowing rain,*[[Ezekiel 38#22]]. He comes like a storm upon Israel, [[Ezekiel 38#9]]. But God will come like a storm upon him, will rain upon him *great hailstones* as upon the Canaanites ([[Joshua 10#11]]), fire and brimstone as upon Sodom, and a *horrible tempest,* [[Psalms 11#6]]. Thus the Gog and Magog in the New Testament shall be devoured with *fire from heaven,* and cast into the *lake of brimstone,* [[Revelation 20#9..10]]. That will be the everlasting portion of all the impenitent implacable enemies of God's church and people. 
	4. God, in all this, will be glorified. The end he aimed at ([[Ezekiel 38#16]]) shall be accomplished ([[Ezekiel 38#23]]): *Thus will I magnify myself and sanctify myself.* Note, In the destruction of sinners God makes it to appear that he is a great and holy God, and he will do so to eternity. And, if men do not magnify and sanctify him as they ought, he will magnify himself, and sanctify himself; and this we should desire and pray for daily, *Father, glorify thy own name.*